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Samenvatting Neurologie
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Samenvatting Neurologie 2de master geneeskunde universiteit Gent. No nonsense samenvattingen, enkel wat je moet kennen.
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SamenvatninneuroloieInhoud
Grotenlocalsatorschensyndromen..........................................................................................................1
Technschenonderzoeken........................................................................................................................5
Perferenzenuwen...................................................................................................................................6
Slaapstoornssen.....................................................................................................................................9
Hoofdpjn..............................................................................................................................................11
Hoofdpjnnanndensuter..........................................................................................................................13
Sperzekten..........................................................................................................................................15
Eplepse...............................................................................................................................................17
Aandoennienncranalenzenuwen.........................................................................................................19
Aandoenniennruiienmeri..................................................................................................................19
Neuronaspectennnetnneuro...................................................................................................................21
Coma....................................................................................................................................................21
CVAnbelanirjknhoofdstuk.....................................................................................................................24
Dementenenncointevenstoornssen....................................................................................................26
Infectes................................................................................................................................................30
Multpelensclerose................................................................................................................................32
Grote localisatorische syndromen
Pyramdalnsystem - Bewustenvrjwllienbeweinien
Arean4nbrodmannprecentrals - Tractusncortcospnalsn=ntractusnpyramdals
o Vanutnarean4nnaarncapsulannterna,nMedulano,n
krusnin90nprocentnlanisndecussaton
pyramdals
o Synapsnopnspinaal niveau met voorhoorn
cellen
o Synapsnmetnmotorschenkernennvanncranalen
zenuwennnhomonenncontralat,nbehalvenN.n7n
nferorn(nenkelncontralat)
o JenperferenneuronnlitnINnhetnCNS,nmaarnhetn
armpkenlooptnperfeer
- Cortex: precentraly gyrus area 4 van brodman en
pyramidale cellen = betzcellen
- Centrale motor neuronn=npyramdenbaan
o Excterendenwerknin->nspercontractenenn
controle
o nVOORNAMELIJKnInhiberendenwerknin->n
voorkomennhyperrefexenennhypertone
, o WatnbjnletselnACUUT?
Contralateralenutval
Arefexe
Atone
Paralyse
o WatnbjnCHRONISCH?
Utvalnnhberendenwerkni
Hyperrefexe
hypertone
- Perifere motor neuronn=nvoorhoorncelnmetnutloper
o Alfanneuronn->nspernnnervate
o stimulatie
o Gammanneuronn->nrefex
o Letsel?
Parese
Hypotone
Arefexe
Atrofe
Fascculates
- Spastctetnbjnutval
Extrapyramdaalnsystemn - automatschenbeweinien
- cortcalenzonesnnnfrontalenkwab
- basalenianila
- mesencefalenkernen
- medullanobloniata
- letsel
o verhoogde spiertonus
o tandradfenomeen:nieljktjdienaanspannenn
aionstennennantaionstenn->nridtetnpvn
spastctetn
o onwllekeurienbeweinien
verdwjnennbjnslapen
dysknesenn(nschokkendnennsneln)
tremornRUST
chorean(ndraaendenennlanizaamn)
athetose
hemballsmen->nhefieniooenden
beweininarm
myoclonen(nspasmennzoalsnbjn
nslapenn)
dystonen(nabnormalenhoudnin)
o vermnderninbeweinien
vermnderdenmmek
vermnderdnooiknpperen
vermnderdenarmslai
ianinmetnKLEINEnPASJES
fexenhoudni
monotonenspraak
MICROGRAFIE
Valneininbjndraaen
, Moeljknstartennennstoppen
o hyperknesenennhypoknesenallntoiether
Cerebellarnsystem - Coordnate
- Evenwcht
- Spertonus
- Interactenmetncortex,npoproceptenennvestbularn
systeem
- Letsel
o Ataxe->nafwezihedniecoordneerden
beweinienn(nbreednianinwandelpasn)
o Hypermetren->ndoorschetennbeweini,nbeenn
bljfnbenielen
o Intententremorntnrustntremornbjn
extrapyramdaal
o Dysdadochoknese
Sensbltet - VtalensensbltetnkrustnLAAG
o Temperatuur
o Pjn
o Groventastzn
o Tractusnspnothalamcusnlaterals
Pjnnenntemperatuur
o Tractusnspnothalamcusnanterorn
Groventastzn
Ganilonnspnalendorsalenradx
KRUISINGnMIDDENLIJNS
Synapsnthvncolumnandorsalsnvhn
ruiienmeri
Thalamus
Gyrus postsentralis ->
somatosensoriele cortex area 3 2 1
- GnostschensenbltetnkrustnHOOG
o Fjnentastzn
o Proproceptve
o Dscrmnatenzn
o Vbratenzn
o Vanachterstrenien:nfasciculus gracilis en
cuneatus ( cave aantastingnVitamine B
deficientien)
o Dorsalenianila
o Synapsnthvnmedullanobloniata
o Krusennvdnmddenljnn
o Thalamus
o Gyrusnpostcentrals
- Neuropathe:nstoornsnperferenzenuw
o Totalenonderbrekni
Anesthesen->nieennievoel
Analiesen->nieennpjn
o Gedeelteljkenonderbrekni
paresthese
o Assocatenmetnmotorschenstoornssen
, - Aantastninfascculusniraclsnenncuneatus
o Gevoelnopnwolkjesntenlopen
o Optische controle noodzaeelike voor normale
motoriee!!n(nproprocepteniestoordndusn
romberiniefuckednbjnslutennoienn)
Frontalenkwab - Psychomotorenennafectevenstoornssen
- Inhberendenennfasclterendentaakn->nkannaknesen
ievennofnpsychosenbouleme
- Grasp reflex -> gelike baby grikp reflex
- Grootstenvolumennnhersenen
- Hoierencortcalenfunctes
o Desnhbtenennncontnente
o Somnolente
o Expressieve afasienbjnlnkshemferschenletseln
AKAnsyndroom van brocan(nmoeljknspreken,n
maarnbeirjptnwelnnoinallesn)
- Afectevenstoornssen
o Ontremmni
o Eufore
o Depresse
o Aknetschenmutsme
Paretalenkwab - Bevatniyrusnpostcentralsnarean123n->nsensorsch
- Letsel
o Hemnhypoesthesan->nhalfzjdinutvalnievoel
o Hemnasteroinosen->nutvalndscrmnatenzn
o Contralatnhomonemenhemanopsen->nvoorbjn
chasmanoptcum
o Praxiestoornisn->nutvoerennvanniedachten
verstoordn->nbhnbovennkledj
o Stoornsnnnrumtenznn->nextreemndchtnbjn
mensennzten
o Somatoinose
o Gerstmann syndroom bik dominante sfeer ->
lines rechts fout
Temporelenkwab - Contralateralenhomonemenhemanopsanzelfdenalsn
paretalenkwab
- Receptieve afasie -> begrip van taal fout it broca
- Geheuiennstoornssen
- Eplepsenrsknverhooid
Occptalenkwab - Contralateralenhomonemennhemanopsen(nprmaren
vsuelencortexnlitnhern)
- Vsuelenainosen->nieennbetekensnmeernaanndnienn
denjenzetn
Depenstructurennvannhersenen - Basalenianilan->nchorea,nparknson,nathethose
- Capsulannternan->nmassevencontralatnutvaln->n
sensorsch,nmotorsch,nvsueel,naudtef
- Corticaal beeld -> contralateraal uitval gezicht en
lichaam
- Hersenstam -> contralaterale uitval lichaam maar
homolateraal gezicht -> spoedbehandeling nodig
veel ernstiger
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