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Samenvatting Periode 2 Voeding bij ziekte Tentamen 2
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Samenvatting van tentamen voeding bij ziekte, tentamen 2, semester 1, blok 2, jaar 1. Bevat een inhoudsopgave waardoor je makkelijk iets kan terug zoeken.
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Samenvatting week 11 t/m 19Inhoud
Week 11 SL .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Enzymen .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Energie- en eiwitbehoefte ................................................................................................................... 6
Energiebehoefte .................................................................................................................................. 8
Energie uit voeding omzetten in energie voor de cellen ..................................................................... 9
Wat is metabolisme? ......................................................................................................................... 10
de metabole en bio-energetische paden in de cel en het lichaam uitleggen ................................... 12
de nieuwste technologische ontwikkelingen om de energiebehoefte en lichaamssamenstelling te
meten toelichten ............................................................................................................................... 13
de uitkomsten van de berekende energiebehoefte van gezonde volwassenen en labwaarden
interpreteren ..................................................................................................................................... 16
Vitamines en de rol in het omzetten van macronutriënten .............................................................. 18
Week 11 TBL .......................................................................................................................................... 19
Sensorische eigenschappen .............................................................................................................. 19
Energie verbruik ................................................................................................................................ 19
Belangrijke componenten van het energieverbruik .......................................................................... 19
Factoren die invloed hebben op RMR ............................................................................................... 20
Energie verbruik bij lichamelijke activiteiten .................................................................................... 20
Energieverbruik om eten te verwerken ............................................................................................. 20
Week 12 ................................................................................................................................................. 21
PAL waarde .................................................................................................................................... 22
De bouw en werking van het ademhalingsstelsel ............................................................................. 22
Soorten transport .............................................................................................................................. 23
Bescherming tegen stof en andere vreemde deeltjes in de longen .................................................. 24
De diagnose COPD of astma .............................................................................................................. 24
COPD (obstructieve longziekte) ......................................................................................................... 24
Astma................................................................................................................................................. 25
Behandeling Astma en COPD: ........................................................................................................... 25
Longembolie ...................................................................................................................................... 26
Aspiratiepneumonie .......................................................................................................................... 27
Labwaarden ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Ademhalingsproblemen .................................................................................................................... 28
Fases van slikken................................................................................................................................ 29
Verloop van 3 processen ................................................................................................................... 30
,Week 13 SL ............................................................................................................................................ 31
de bouw en de werking van het bloed uitleggen .............................................................................. 31
Samenstelling van het plasma ........................................................................................................... 31
Plasma eiwitten ............................................................................................................................. 31
Erytrocyten (rode bloedcellen)...................................................................................................... 32
Begrip bloedarmoede/anemie .......................................................................................................... 32
Relatie met tekort aan foliumzuur, vitamine B12 en ijzer uitleggen ............................................. 33
de symptomen en oorzaken van anemie uitleggen ...................................................................... 33
Soorten bloedgroepen....................................................................................................................... 34
De begrippen trombus en embolus uitleggen................................................................................... 34
Trombus ......................................................................................................................................... 34
Embolus ......................................................................................................................................... 35
Leukocyten (witte bloedcellen) ..................................................................................................... 35
Trombocyten (bloedplaatjes) ........................................................................................................ 36
Mechanismen waardoor bloedverlies na verwonding wordt beperkt .......................................... 37
Abnormale bloedstolling ................................................................................................................... 37
Stolling van het bloed ........................................................................................................................ 37
Stolling van bloed .......................................................................................................................... 37
Hoe werkt de stolling van bloed .................................................................................................... 37
Calcium en invloed voor bloedstolling .......................................................................................... 38
Vitamine K te kort .......................................................................................................................... 38
Hemopoëse ....................................................................................................................................... 38
Homeostase ....................................................................................................................................... 38
Week 14 Het hart en de bloedsomloop ................................................................................................ 39
De functie van het hart in cardiovasculaire stelsel ............................................................................ 39
De bouw en werking van bloedsomloop ....................................................................................... 39
Soorten aders ................................................................................................................................ 39
Anatomie en de bouw van het hart................................................................................................... 40
Werking van het hart ......................................................................................................................... 41
Coronaire circulatie ....................................................................................................................... 41
Bloedsomloop in het hart .............................................................................................................. 41
Fases van het hart.............................................................................................................................. 41
Geleidingssysteem van het hart ........................................................................................................ 42
Hartritme stoornissen ....................................................................................................................... 42
Leeftijd= hart en vaten: ..................................................................................................................... 44
Slagaderziekte: .................................................................................................................................. 44
,Week 15 bloed, vocht en nieren............................................................................................................ 45
De bouw van de nieren ..................................................................................................................... 45
Ureum ................................................................................................................................................ 48
Organen van urinestelsel ................................................................................................................... 48
Functie ............................................................................................................................................... 48
Nefronen............................................................................................................................................ 50
Bloeddruk .......................................................................................................................................... 50
Reguleren....................................................................................................................................... 50
Soorten bloeddruk......................................................................................................................... 51
Bloeddruk dalen: ........................................................................................................................... 51
Bloeddruk stijgen ........................................................................................................................... 52
Hoeveelheid water lichaam ............................................................................................................... 53
Natrium.......................................................................................................................................... 53
Kalium ............................................................................................................................................ 53
Water in het lichaam ..................................................................................................................... 54
Vochtbalans ................................................................................................................................... 54
Soorten dranken ............................................................................................................................ 55
Soorten vochtbalans ...................................................................................................................... 55
Week 16 hypertensie ............................................................................................................................. 56
Symptomen ................................................................................................................................... 56
Oorzaken........................................................................................................................................ 56
Gevolgen ........................................................................................................................................ 56
Bloeddruk verlagen ....................................................................................................................... 57
Medicatie hypertensie ................................................................................................................... 57
Verschil zout en natrium ................................................................................................................ 57
Week 17 Hypercholesterolemie ............................................................................................................ 58
LDL- en HDL- cholesterol ................................................................................................................... 58
Effecten cholesterol op de gezondheid ............................................................................................. 58
Totaalcholesterol ........................................................................................................................... 58
Cholesterolratio en hart- en vaatziekten ....................................................................................... 58
Oorzaak te hoog cholesterolgehalte.............................................................................................. 59
Voedingsadviezen bij hoog cholesterol ......................................................................................... 59
Lipoproteïnen ................................................................................................................................ 59
Normaalwaarden cholesterol ........................................................................................................ 60
Oorzaken en risicofactoren voor hypercholesterolemie ............................................................... 60
Klachten ......................................................................................................................................... 60
, Gevolgen ........................................................................................................................................ 60
De 3 stadia van aderverkalking ...................................................................................................... 60
Medicatie ........................................................................................................................................... 61
Statines .......................................................................................................................................... 61
Ezetimibe ....................................................................................................................................... 62
Cholesterolabsorptie remmers ...................................................................................................... 62
PCSK9-remmer0073 ...................................................................................................................... 62
Week 18 Hart-en vaat ziekten ............................................................................................................... 63
Hart- en vaatziekten .......................................................................................................................... 63
Wat is het? ......................................................................................................................................... 63
Coronaire hartziekten:....................................................................................................................... 63
CVA: Beroerte (TIA, herseninfarct en hersenbloeding): .................................................................... 63
Etalagebenen: .................................................................................................................................... 63
Andere hart- en vaatziekten: ............................................................................................................. 64
Aangeboren hartafwijking: ................................................................................................................ 64
Symptomen: .................................................................................................................................. 64
Risicofactoren: ............................................................................................................................... 64
Invloed van voeding op hart en vaatziekten: .................................................................................... 64
Verhoogd risico op coronaire hartziekten: .................................................................................... 64
Verlaagd risico op coronaire hartziekten: ...................................................................................... 64
Producten om extra op te letten: ...................................................................................................... 65
Ischemische hartziekten .................................................................................................................... 65
Stabiele angina pectoris: ............................................................................................................... 65
Acuut coronair syndroom:............................................................................................................. 65
Relatie tussen ischemische hartziekten en hartfalen ........................................................................ 65
Oedeem ............................................................................................................................................. 66
Medicatie ....................................................................................................................................... 66
Voedingsadviezen .......................................................................................................................... 66
Atherosclerose ................................................................................................................................... 67
Week 18 ................................................................................................................................................. 67
Soorten hart en vaat ziektes .............................................................................................................. 68
Wat is de relatie tussen ischemische hartziekten met hartfalen?..................................................... 70
Hartfalen ............................................................................................................................................ 70
Behandeling hart-en-vaat ziekten ..................................................................................................... 70
Nitraten medicatie ............................................................................................................................. 70
Niet-medicamenteuze behandeling .................................................................................................. 70
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