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Summary UNDERSTAND PHYSICAL DISABILITY
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UNDERSTAND PHYSICAL DISABILITY
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UNIT 34 UNDERSTAND PHYSICAL DISABILITY1. Centrality is recognising the individual behind the disability, who they are as a
person, regardless of their disability, and being central to their own care. If you only
recognise the disability, you will never know the person inside and will not be able to
focus on person centred care.
2. Although they may have a disability, they are still the same person inside, although
they may have had to adapt to their disability, they will have their own identity,
values and aspirations and a need to be treated as a person central to their own
care, and not just a disability.
3. The assessments need to be person centred in order to recognise and value their
likes and dislikes, the people in their lives their decisions and the risks they want to
take and their aspirations, to enable them to be as independent as possible. It is
important to involve them in the decisions and planning as much as possible.
4. One thing I have learned over the years is that individuals will ‘surprise’ you,
especially in my earlier years in care. At first I was so focused on the disability that I
thought ‘I knew best’, but I was so wrong, and many times the individual would
correct me, and I began to understand, as I do now, that focusing on the disability
makes you ‘blind’ to the individual as a person. Person centred care recognises the
individual as a person and being central to their own care, planning, decisions, being
listened to and focusing on their strengths and aspirations instead of thinking that
we know what is best for them.
5. I took a group of individuals to play badminton once after asking who would like to
go. One individual had a huge external fixator running from his thigh to his lower leg.
I asked him if he would like to go. This may seem insensitive, but had I not asked I
would have been focused only on his disability rather than him as a person. He
declined, but thanked me for asking him as he says that he usually doesn’t get asked.
I thought it should be his choice, and he felt that the choices were always made for
him in that respect. At a later date, the individual did come along to watch and even
attempted to join in several times, more importantly, he enjoyed it.
6. Physical disability means to have a physical or mental impairment that has a
substantial and long-term negative effect on the ability to do normal activities.
7. Congenital disability is a disability which is present at birth. It can be genetic, caused
by environmental factors or can be caused by substances taken during pregnancy. It
could be a chromosomal defect such as in Downs Syndrome or Marfan Syndrome
(which causes connective tissues to be weaker than they should).
8. Acquired disability means to gain or acquire. For example, Stroke or head injury. An
injury to the spinal cord or nerve damage would be an acquired disability. Other
examples could be Multiple Sclerosis or Arthritis.
9. Neurological disability is a disorder of the central nervous system and can include
the brain, spinal cord and other nerves. It can be caused by brain damage, as in
Alzheimer’s disease, Epilepsy or Parkinson’s disease.
, 10. If we compare Downs Syndrome (Congenital) and Alzheimer's disease (Neurological),
we can see the difference in how it affects the individual. Downs is present at birth,
whereas Alzheimer’s is not. Downs affects the facial features and physical growth
with mild to moderate intellectual ability. Quality of life can improve with the correct
support and independence can increase. Decision making is possible. Alzheimer’s
affects memory and can be a slow onset. Quality of life will not improve but can be
well supported. Dependence will increase and the ability to make decisions will
decrease.
11. A progressive disability is something that is expected to get worse over time.as in
Alzheimer’s, the condition is degenerative and will have an emotion impact on the
individual and their family and friends, such as isolation, fear and loneliness and
frustration. Quality of life will decrease as the condition progresses.
12. Progressive disability has an emotional impact in many ways on the individual and
their family. There is the financial impact associated with, for example, adaptation to
the home, special foods or medications and time off from work. The individual will
have to try and cope with the stress and strains of their changing lives, often
showing signs of worry, guilt, anxiety and anger, due to the loss of function or ability
to perform everyday tasks, and will have the added worries of how are their families
going to cope. Family life has changed in many ways and can lead to exhaustion and
fatigue in the family. The changes in care-giving and the abandonment of future
plans can test the alliances and loyalties of the strongest of families. It can become
consuming for everyone, especially the individual, who will have all these extra
worries to add to their already suffering emotional state.
13. With a congenital disability, you can prepare and plan from day one. The condition
can be managed and very often improved as well as becoming more independent.
Quality of life can improve and you can learn new skills. The impact on the individual
and the family will depend on the type of disability and what demands it puts on the
individual and the family, and how much support/needs they want or need. Different
people cope in different ways and responsibilities may be shared within the family
unit for example time and energy. Many times, the family has to re-adjust their own
working lives to accommodate the individual and their condition. With a progressive
disability, the planning is more adaptive in the sense that things are ever-changing as
the condition worsens, plans may need to be changed more quickly. The impact of
this is the extra stresses that it puts on the individual and the family, such as extra
care, moving or adapting the home, more regular medical screening and life-changes
for the family i.e.; time off work. There is often a period of denial initially, mixed with
a period of hope, anger, anxiety, feelings of worthlessness and isolation for the
individual and feelings of how to cope in the family. Often there is depression, not
just with the individual but also with family members, so it is very important to have
the support that you need in order to cope with the effects of the condition.
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