BSNC 1000 Final Test Questions and Answers All Correct

BSNC 1000 Final Test Questions and Answers All Correct what body systems does mobility involve - Answer-skeletal, muscular, nervous under what conditions could someone have impaired mobility - Answer-bone/joint diseases (osteoporosis/arthritis) surgery broken bones disabilities how are gas exchange and mobility related - Answer-mobility of ribs and breathing muscles aid in breathing properly supports aerobic activity how are mobility and perfusion related - Answer-increased blood flow to muscles, helps with endurance and strength delivers blood and nutrients to the bones and takes away waste requirements for mobility - Answer-1. joint stability 2. healthy bones 3. muscle strength 4. neurological function 5. nutrition aging effects on mobility - Answer-loss of bone mass, decreased height (can lead to osteoporosis) muscle atrophy (can lead to sarcopenia) increased stiffness of joints (can lead to osteoarthritis) cell types in bones - Answer-osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, osteogenic cell (stem cells) extracellular matrix - Answer-osteoid (organic)- collagen and calcium-binding proteins, it is the intercellular matrix inorganic - minerals (calcium, Mg, carbonate, phosphate) and water bone remodelling - Answer-ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue maintain and repair adaptation to stress (weightlifting) mineral regulation which part of the bone does remodelling occur - Answer-Trabelcullar surface of spongy bone 4 steps of bone remodelling - Answer-1. resorption - osteoclasts attach to bone surface andremove bone matrix 2. reversal - transitional period bt resorption and formation 3. formation - osteoblasts secrete osteoid 4. mineralization - osteoblasts deposit minerals in the formed organic osteoid matrix osteoperosis - Answer-a condition characterized by a decrease in bone density, producing porous and fragile bones - silent - increase risk of fracture - bone resorption exceeds remodelling osteoporosis risk factors - Answer-age (older adults) gender (female) race genetics (small body frame) family history poor peak bone mass low ca or vit d low physical activity poor nutrition hyperparathyroidism glucocorticoids smoking/alcohol peak bone mass - Answer-the highest attainable bone density for an individual, developed during the first three decades of life - in puberty, bone formation exceeds resorption calcium homeostasis (maintenance of blood Ca) - Answer-bones release Ca - parathyroid hormone causes osteoclast activity - calcitonin causes osteoblast activity Kidneys absorb Ca Small intestine absorbs Ca pathogenesis of osteoporosis - Answer-- combination of increased bone reabsorption and decreased bone formation - imbalance between osteoclast and osteoblast function - greatest effect on spongy bone but also affects compact bone clinical manifestation of osteoporosis - Answer-none until there is a fracture - pain from fracture - kyphosis (hunchback) - additional falls consequences of impaired cognition - Answer-delerium, , dementia, cognitive impairment, learning/intellectual disabilities