Sensorisch stelsel
1. Soorten zintuigcellen en hun werking
Zenuwstelsel reageert op veranderingen in of buiten het lichaam doordat
het adequaat wordt geïnformeerd door gespecialiseerde cellen. Namelijk
zintuigcellen, sensoren of receptoren.
Receptorveld: gebied dat info levert aan zintuigcel
Hoe groter veld, hoe slechtere lokalisatie van prikkel
1.1. 2 groepen zintuigcellen (ligging)
1.1.1. Exteroreceptoren
Kenmerken:
- Exteroceptoren
- Vrij oppervlakkig op de grens tussen het lichaam en de buitenwereld
- Vangen prikkels van buiten het lichaam op
Lekker eten ruiken, warmte voelen, muziek horen
1.2.2. Mechanoreceptoren
Gevoelig voor mechanische prikkels:
- Druk
- Trilling (lucht of vloeistof)
- Vloeistofbeweging
- Trekspanning
Voorbeelden:
- Tast- en druksensoren huid
- Spierspoeltjes van dwarsgestreepte spieren
- Golgi peeslichaampjes in overgang pees - spier
- Gewrichtssensoren
- Sensoren in gehoor- en evenwichtsorgaan
- Bloeddruksensoren in aorta en halsslagader
- Rekkingsgevoelige sensoren in longweefsel
1.2.3. Thermoreceptoren
Gevoelig voor temperatuursveranderingen
In de huid: warmte- en koude sensoren
In hypothalamus: centrale thermoreceptoren voor
temperatuurregulatie
1.2.4. Fotoreceptoren
3
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