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Summary Cambridge International AS and A Level Geography second edition - arid environments
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A detailed summary of A2 level content regarding hot arid and semi arid environments
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BBYFMHMAHB.BA ODB:*.BH⑧☒BIOMASS is the total amount of living matter in a given area
- moisture availability and temperature influence the rate of production of
•¥ÉF%É %¥zÉ¥ ¥*
organic matter
- in deserts, the fact that potential evapotranspiration rates greatly
exceed precipitation means that biomass productivity is low compared
with other zones
<0.2 kilocals/m2/year
An ECOSYSTEM consists of a community of living organisms - Larger carnivores
and its physical environment - tertiary consumer are
- the non living g(abiotic) components of an ecosystem include
air, water and soil carnivores
I
carnivores that will eat other
☒
*⇐÷¥ ¥ ÷ É÷g÷¥÷÷s¥÷ ÷ ⇐
- energy and nutrients flow through the system - may include some reptiles or birds
- matter and energy are continually moving from the physical
environment through living things and back into the physical
environment This category incudes cold
- the plants and animal community are classified into a number blooded animals : - small carnivores
of tropic levels - snakes are found at his level
- lizards 2 kilocals/m2/ - predators are
In a BIOMASS PYRAMID each tier
represents the total dry weight of all
we - tarantulas year or less secondary consumers
- Herbivores are the primary consumers
species
- these animals are usually small and eat little This category includes :
- grams/ square (g/m2) - in each
- many insects, or reptiles which are cold blooded - ants - beetles
trophic level
and use less energy to maintain their body - bees - rats
- most such pyramid narrow sharply
temperatures than mammals and birds - mice - tortoise
from the producers at the base to the
consumers at the top level .
*¥°¥¥¥¥É¥¥¥%
- a pyramid represents trends in food These are food for predators Provide about 20 kilocals/m2/ year for predators
consumption, with the lowest ever
(primary producers) having the - Plants are the primary
producers. This category includes :
greatest total biomass, and the - shrubs
highest consumer level having the - They make food though
photosynthesis - cactus They produce fewer than 200
lowest biomass - wildflowers kilocals /m2/year as food for the
- they are limited by the ,
availability of water - grasses primary consumers
, ••••r•ñ••M
⑧F- ☒ Kind .
.io#Hie.AaiE1ii:*
☒ * see .
Vegetation is extremely sparse Vegetation is denser
- net primary production may be as low as 3g/ m2/year - net primary production may be as high as 250g/mm2/year
- however, only moving due bels may be completely without - some types such as spinifex (porcupine grass) of northern
vegetation Australia and the Chandra’s scrub of the central Chile are almost
impenetrable
Plants include tamarisks, clumps of short, spikey grass, The main plant is the deciduous acacia tree
dwarf shrub, prostrate plants - shrub, thorny succulents and grass also occur
- some of the same plants as the semi-arid areas occur it
more sparsely and in tinted forms -
Most vegetation exists in a dormant state but, after many Occasional rainstorms produce short-lived burst of plant growth
years it’s out rain, may grow for a few days after a rare when shrubs and herbaceous plants blossom
rainstorm
The number of plant species is more limited As in the Sonora Desert, there may be over 2000 plant species
Only tropic evens 1-3 may be present All four trophies levels are present
Examples include the central part of the Sahara, Namib, Examples include the Nonora Desert (state of Sonora, Mexico,
Atacama and central Australian Deserts Southern Arizona, South-east California, most of the Bala
California Pneinsula), coastal Eastern Horn of Africa, Kalahari
and Karoo of South- West Africa
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