CETP Anatomy Exam With 100% Correct Answers

CETP Anatomy Exam With 100% Correct Answers Bronchi - answerBronchi are tubes that extend from the lungs upward to the trachea. They are composed of cartilagenous rings bound together by fibroelastic tissue. In the lungs, bronchi subdivide into bronchioles. Medulla oblongata - answerFires impulses to the respiratory muscles when there is an excessive amount of CO2 in the blood cells Respiration - answerThe exchange of gas between an organism and its environment; Inhalation and exhalation create the rhythmic cycle of respiration Inhalation - answer-Draws air into the lungs -As the lungs expand via the diaphragm and other inspiratory muscles, the pressure within the lungs (relative to outside the lungs) is reduced, and air moves into the lungs Exhalation - answer-Muscles contract to reduce the volume of the chest cavity, creating a positive pressure within the lungs and causing exhalation -Note: due to the elasticity of the lungs, exhalation during regular rest breathing is passive Speech breathing - answer-We inhale more deeply for longer utterances -The duration of exhalation during speech tends to be longer than its duration during silent periods, as we speak upon exhalation -Compared to quiet breathing, breathing for speech is more consciously monitored and adjusted to meet the demands of speech in various daily situations What is the basic energy source for speech? - answerRespiration (inhalation and exhalation) Lung volume at rest - answerAt rest, the lungs are partially inflated to approximately 40% of their total capacity Right lung vs left lung - answerThe right lung is shorter, broader, and bigger than the left lung, because the liver underneath it forces it into a slightly upward direction Trachea - answerA tube formed by approximately 20 rings of cartilage (these rings of cartilage are incomplete in the back, where the trachea comes into contact with the esophagus) The first tracheal ring is larger than the rest and connects to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage Spinal column - answer32-33 individual vertebrae 7 cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) 5 lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) - the largest vertebrae, important for weight bearing functions 5 saccral vertebrae (S1-S5) - fused in adults 3-4 coccygeal vertebrae (fused and called the coccyx) The thoracic vertebrae provide points of attachement for the ribs Sternum - answer-Also called the breastbone -Located on the anterior thoracic wall - Contains the manubrium (point of attachment for the clavicle and first rib), body (ribs 2-7), and xiphoid process Rib cage - answer-consists of 12 pairs of ribs that form a cylindrical structure -houses and protects the hearts and lungs Diaphragm - answer-Muscle of inspiration -Thick, dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdomen from the thorax -Distends abdomen, enlarges vertical dimension of thorax, depresses central tendon of diaphragm -Innervated by C3-C5 Serratus posterior superior - answer-Muscle of inspiration -Elevates rib cage -innervated by C7, T1-T4 Levator costarum brevis - answer-Muscle of inspiration -Elevates rib cage -Innervated by T2- T12 Levator costarum longis - answer-Muscle of inspiration -Elevates rib cage -Innervated by T2- T12 External intercostals - answer-Muscles of inspiration -Elevates rib cage -Innervated by T2- T11 Sternocleidomastoid - answer-Accessory muscle of the neck; helps inspiration -elevates the sternum and thus indirectly elevates the rib cage Trapezius - answer-Controls the head and elongates the neck, thus indirectly influences respiration Pectoralis major - answer-Accessory muscle of inspiration -Increases transverse dimension of rib cage through elevation of sternum -Innervated by C4-T1 Pectoralis Minor - answer-Accessory muscle of inspiration -Increases transverse dimension of rib cage -Innervated by C4-T1 Serratus anterior - answer-Accessory muscle of inspiration -Elevates ribs 1-9 -Innervated by C5-C7 Levator Scapulae - answer-Accessory muscle of inspiration -Elevates scapula, supports neck -Innervated by C3-C5 Rhomboideus major - answer-stabilizes shoulder girdle for inspiration -innervated by C5 Rhomboideus minor - answer-stabilizes shoulder girdle for inspiration -innervated by C5 Internal intercoastals - answer-Accessory muscles of expiration -Depresses ribs 1-11 - Innervated by T2-T11 Innermost intercostal - answer-Accessory muscle of exhalation -Depresses ribs 1-11 - Innervated by T2-T11 Transversus thoracis - answer-Accessory muscle of exhalation -Depresses ribs 2-6 - Innervated by T2-T6 Subcostal muscle - answer-Accessory muscle of expiration -Depresses the thorax Serratus posterior inferior - answer-Accessory muscles of expiration -When contracted, pull the rib cage down and aid in exhalation Latissimus dorsi - answer-Muscle of expiration -Stabilizes the abdominal wall for expiration -Innervated by C6-C8 Rectus abdominis - answer-Muscle of expiration -Flexes vertebral column -innervated by T7-T12 Transversus abdominis - answer-Muscle of expiration -Compresses abdomen -Innervated by T7-T12 Internal oblique abdominis - answer-Muscle of expiration -Compresses abdomen, flexes and rotates trunk -Innervated by T7-T12 Quadratus Lumborum - answer-Muscle of expiration -Supports abdominal compression through bilateral contraction, which fixes abdominal walls -Innervated by T12, L1-L4 Biological functions of larynx - answer1) closure of trachea to avoid aspiration, 2) production of cough to expel foreign substances, 3) closure of vocal folds to build up subglottic pressure necessary for physical tasks such as excretion and lifting heavy items Hyoid bone - answer-U-shaped -Larynx is suspended from it -Muscles of the tongue, and various muscles of the mandible, skull, and larynx attach Epiglottis - answer-Leaf like structure -during swallowing, epiglottis drops down to cover orifice of the larynx Thyroid cartilage - answer-forms the anterior and lateral walls of the larynx and protects the larynx