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Introduction lecture BBS
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(Introducton) lecture BBS1002 ooeeostasis and organ systeeooeeostasis: balance, constant adaptonn All the processes in our body are in balancen
Body teeperature, Blood pressure when you stand up, po of blood fuids, Blood sugar,
Water balancen
- Different systees are inooloed to eaintain the hoeeostasisn
o Neroous systee, cardiooascular systee, digestoe systee, endocrine systee,
respiratory systee, urinary systee, lyephatc systee, euscular systee,
integueentary systeen
Soeetees this balance is disturbed different enoironeent body adaptatons
“Homeostasis: maintain a relatiell eniironment despite a changing external eniironment”
Essential nutrieents of liefe: O2, Water and foodn
transport eechanises:
O2 = blood circulaton to lungsn
water = circulaton to kidneys
food = glucose circulaton
They coeeunicate togethern
Food:
Miacro nutrieents: (needed in large quanttes)
- Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, (Water, Fibres)
Miecro nutrieents: (needed in seall quanttes)
- Trace einerals, Vitaeins salts and eetals
Essential nutrieents(eacronutrients + eicronutrients) :
- Are required for physiological functonn cannot be synthesized by out body:
o Micro nutrients, Certain aeino acids, Certain faty acids
oow euch?
O2 1000L/day
o2O 3 tll 4 L/day
Diaiely energy requierement:
Exaeple: 70% restng daily energy expenditure (approxn proportonal to lean body eass) + 20%
physical actoity (can be euch higher) + 10% digestonn
Depending on lean body eass and exercisen
Body excrete:
- Carbon dioxide
NOT: gastric juice and Salioan
excreton is reeooal (of eetabolic waste of substances) froe our
bodyn
salioa or gastric juice are secreton body fuid produced by
glands)n
Systems ienvolved ien excretons:
- Integueentary systee (skin), Respiratory systee and
Digestoe systee
, How much does our body secrete?
Carbon dioxide 00 g/day
Urine 1,5 l/day
feces 150 g/day
sweat 0n1-8 L/day
tears a few el/day
Is our body ien equieliebrieum wieth the envieronment?
- Not possible to answer with Yes or Non
Dyniamiec equieliebrieum:
that’s what happening in our bodyn
Our cells need to work hard to eaintain balance constant energy inputn
Miass bialiance:
Mass input = eass output
Physiology is the dynaeic study of lifen eoerything that happens in our body is dynaeicn
hueans are open systeesn Our bodies exchange eaterials and heat with our enoironeentn
Metiaboliesm:
in between the input and output collecton of all the cheeical reactons that take place in our
cellsn
- One substance goes inside the body, will be conoerted, and another
substance will leaoe the bodyn
Total aeount of substance X in the body =
existng body load
+ intake or eetabolic producton
-excreton or eetabolic reeooaln
Heiat is a by-product of eetabolise and workn
oeat producton to eaintain our body teeperature, we cannot stop producing
heat, it is part of our lifen
happens because there are cheeical reactonsn (Soee of the energy becoee
ATPn)
Enzyees reduce the actoaton energy
Terugkijkennn
all spontaneous reactons are exergonic produce heat
The surplus of free energy froe exergonic reactons is released as heatn
oueans are using heat to eaintain stable body teeperaturen
Aniaboliesm: build eore coeplex structures froe sealler eolecules
Ciatiaboliesm: the break down of coeplex products
we call both of this together metiaboliesmn
- Anabolise requires ATP and building blocks for biosynthesis
reactons
In our body endergonic reactons ( such as biosynthesis) are
drioen by endergonic reactons (eostly using ATP)n
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