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LEARNING UNIT 2: Summary Tables and GraphsLearning objectives
• Interpret frequency tables and cross-tabulation
• Interpret graphs for both categorical and numerical data
Textbook reference
• Chapter 2
o §2.1 – §2.3
o Exclude §2.4 – §2.6
,INTRODUCTION
Data can be represented graphically in a number of different ways. The
appropriate graphical method to use depends on the variable type. Some
graphical methods use the raw data as input, while others use the frequency
table/distribution of the variable as input. Note that some terminology are not
given in the textbook.
FREQUENCY TABLES
Ungrouped Frequency Tables
An ungrouped frequency table lists each unique value of the variable and records
the frequency of occurrence of each value.
, None of the variable values are merged together with other values, as such the
values remain “ungrouped”. Categorical and discrete numerical data consisting
of a relatively small number of possible values are summarised in ungrouped
frequency tables. The values of nominal variables are typically sorted
alphabetically, while ordinal variable values are listed based to its inherent
ordering. Discrete numerical variable values are ordered numerically in the table.
The following table shows the ungrouped frequency table for the “coffee type
preference” variable.
Frequency
Filter 7
Instant 13
Total 20
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