FINAL EXAM BIOD 151 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS .
1. List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.
The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and liver
1. List two organs contained in the pelvic cavity.
The pelvic cavity contains the bladder, reproductive organs and the rectum
a. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP. (T or F)
False- (ATP is produced, not ADP)
b. Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell membrane. (T or F)
True
c. Exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring biomacromolecules inside the cell. (T or F)
False- (process is endocytosis)
d. Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F)
True
e. Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cellular energy expenditure. (T or F)
False- (Endocytosis is an active process and requires cellular energy)
a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (T or F)
True
b. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP. (T or F)
True
c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell membrane. (T or F)
False- (Peripheral proteins are found on the inner or outer surface of the cell membrane. Integral proteins span the entire length of the membrane.)
d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules from the cell. (T or F)
False - Exocytosis
e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F)
False- (This process is called receptor-mediated endocytosis or information transfer)
3. In your own words, discuss Tay-Sachs disease. What organelle within the cell is impacted? What are the symptoms of the disease and why do they occur?
Tay-Sachs disease impacts the lysosome of the cell because a digestive enzyme in lacking. This leads to a toxic buildup of toxic lipids in the brain that cannot be broken down. This can lead to disability and death.
4. You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type of eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone, which one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why.
The smaller cell would be carrying out respiration at a more active rate because its surface area to volume ration is higher than that of the larger cell. When there is more surface are and less volume the small cell allows metabolic processes in general to occur faster.
4. Explain at least two differences between Type I and Type II alveolar cells.
Type I forms the very thin simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli within the junction of the capillaries; also, Type II produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is needed throughout the alveolar surface; and, Type II cells can divide to replace damaged Type I cells.
5. Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why?
The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing.
5. Explain what happens to the epiglottis during swallowing. Why?
The trachea is closed by the epiglottis. The epiglottis moves inferiorly, covering the trachea. This is to prevent food or liquid from entering the lungs.
6. Air and food pass in which one of the following areas:
Trachea
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Alveoli
Oropharynx
7. Label the following five items from the diagram: (picture 1)
Label A- Nasal Cavity
Label B- Oral Cavity
Label C- Soft Pallet
Label D- Epiglottis
Label E- Glottis
Label F- Trachea
Label G- Esophagus
Label H- Tongue
8. From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary
bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles
A
9. Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers.
Someone who has hypergastrinemia may develop stomach ulcers because of the increased gastrin which stimulates secretions of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogens. These can irritate the stomach lining and break it down which would lead to ulcers.
9. Explain why a patient with liver disease would have intolerance to fatty foods.
The liver produces bile which breaks down fats. If it is not producing bile (or less bile), fats will not be broken down effectively.
1. List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.
The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and liver
1. List two organs contained in the pelvic cavity.
The pelvic cavity contains the bladder, reproductive organs and the rectum
a. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP. (T or F)
False- (ATP is produced, not ADP)
b. Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell membrane. (T or F)
True
c. Exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring biomacromolecules inside the cell. (T or F)
False- (process is endocytosis)
d. Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F)
True
e. Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cellular energy expenditure. (T or F)
False- (Endocytosis is an active process and requires cellular energy)
a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (T or F)
True
b. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP. (T or F)
True
c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell membrane. (T or F)
False- (Peripheral proteins are found on the inner or outer surface of the cell membrane. Integral proteins span the entire length of the membrane.)
d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules from the cell. (T or F)
False - Exocytosis
e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F)
False- (This process is called receptor-mediated endocytosis or information transfer)
3. In your own words, discuss Tay-Sachs disease. What organelle within the cell is impacted? What are the symptoms of the disease and why do they occur?
Tay-Sachs disease impacts the lysosome of the cell because a digestive enzyme in lacking. This leads to a toxic buildup of toxic lipids in the brain that cannot be broken down. This can lead to disability and death.
4. You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type of eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone, which one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why.
The smaller cell would be carrying out respiration at a more active rate because its surface area to volume ration is higher than that of the larger cell. When there is more surface are and less volume the small cell allows metabolic processes in general to occur faster.
4. Explain at least two differences between Type I and Type II alveolar cells.
Type I forms the very thin simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli within the junction of the capillaries; also, Type II produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is needed throughout the alveolar surface; and, Type II cells can divide to replace damaged Type I cells.
5. Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why?
The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing.
5. Explain what happens to the epiglottis during swallowing. Why?
The trachea is closed by the epiglottis. The epiglottis moves inferiorly, covering the trachea. This is to prevent food or liquid from entering the lungs.
6. Air and food pass in which one of the following areas:
Trachea
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Alveoli
Oropharynx
7. Label the following five items from the diagram: (picture 1)
Label A- Nasal Cavity
Label B- Oral Cavity
Label C- Soft Pallet
Label D- Epiglottis
Label E- Glottis
Label F- Trachea
Label G- Esophagus
Label H- Tongue
8. From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary
bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles
A
9. Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers.
Someone who has hypergastrinemia may develop stomach ulcers because of the increased gastrin which stimulates secretions of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogens. These can irritate the stomach lining and break it down which would lead to ulcers.
9. Explain why a patient with liver disease would have intolerance to fatty foods.
The liver produces bile which breaks down fats. If it is not producing bile (or less bile), fats will not be broken down effectively.
