Cambridge International AS & A Level
* 7 2 9 1 1 0 7 1 9 8 *
PSYCHOLOGY 9990/21
Paper 2 Research Methods May/June 2023
1 hour 30 minutes
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
2 In the study by Laney et al. (false memory), different types of items were used in the various
questionnaires. Two of the items included:
• rating items on a scale of 1–8 (from ‘definitely did happen’ to ‘definitely did not happen’)
• multiple choice items where participants circled a price they would pay for different foods, e.g.
$1.90, $2.50, or ‘would never buy’.
(a) Explain whether these items are both open questions, both closed questions, or one of each.
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