Summary Chemistry 4.1: Topic 1 – Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
4 views 0 purchase
Course
Chemistry
Institution
GCSE
My document is a meticulously crafted exploration into the intricate realms of chemistry, particularly focusing on the captivating domains of atomic structure and the periodic table. It takes readers on a captivating journey through the microscopic universe, unravelling the mysteries of atoms, elem...
relative electrical charges of subatomic particles
Written for
GCSE
GCSE
Chemistry
2
All documents for this subject (576)
Seller
Follow
ranahamiduk
Content preview
Topic 1 – Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Part one
. Chemistry 4.1 .
Atoms, elements and compounds .
● Atoms make up all substances and are the smallest part of an element that can exist
● Chemical symbols represent an atom of an element e.g. Na represents an atom of
sodium
● Compounds are formed from elements by chemical reactions. Chemical reactions
always involve the formation of one or more new substances, and often involve an
energy change
● Compounds contain two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions
and can be represented by formulae using the symbols of the atoms from which they
were formed e.g. HCl is a compound containing 1 atom of hydrogen and 1 of chlorine
per molecule
● Compounds can only be separated into elements by chemical reactions
Mixtures
● A mixture consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined
together. The chemical properties of each substance in the mixture are unchanged. (this
is different to a compound)
● Can be separated by: filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional
distillation
and chromatography. These are physical processes, so do not involve chemical
reactions
and no new substances are made.
The development of the model of the atom
● First: atoms were thought to be tiny spheres that could not be divided
● Discovery of electron-> plum pudding model (atom is a ball of positive charge with
negative electrons embedded in it)
● Alpha particle scattering experiment-> conclusion that the mass of an atom was
concentrated at the centre (nucleus) and that the nucleus was charged
Scattering experiment:
● A beam of alpha particles was aimed at very thin gold foil and their passage
through was detected
● Some of the alpha particles emerged from the foil at different angles, and some
even came straight back
● the positively charged alpha particles were being repelled and deflected by a
small concentration of positive charge in the atom (nucleus)
● Neil Bohr: suggested electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances (supported by
experimental data)
Later experiments: positive charge of any nucleus could be subdivided into a whole
number of smaller particles, each particle having the same amount of positive charge
(protons)
● James Chadwick’s work: provided the evidence to show the existence of neutrons
within the nucleus (had been an accepted scientific idea for about 20 years already)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ranahamiduk. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.16. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
