This week's assignment is the case study of Hector, who was at the park for his
grandson’s birthday party. David, Hector's grandson, asked him to play a three-legged race, in
which they made a big effort to cross the finish line ahead of everyone else for the win.
Afterward, Hector started wheezing and had shortness of breath. He also had a tightness around
his chest. Hector’s family rushed him to the local emergency room. Hector informed the doctor
that he had been having a chronic cough that he could not get rid of and had to clear his throat of
mucus every morning. Hector’s PFT or Respiratory function tests indicated that Hector had
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) because of chronic bronchitis. The ER
physician sent him home with some medication and advised Hector to assume the tripod position
to aid his breathing when experiencing shortness of breath.
Deliverable # 1. How is ventilation different from respiration?
Ventilation and respiration are related but different processes. Ventilation refers to the
movement of air in and out of the lungs. This process involves inhaling oxygen-rich air into the
lungs and the exhalation of carbon dioxide-rich air out of the lungs. Ventilation is primarily a
mechanical process controlled by the respiratory muscles, including the diaphragm, intercostal,
and abdominal muscles. Respiration, however, refers to exchanging gases (oxygen and carbon
dioxide) between the air and the body’s tissues. This process involves the movement of oxygen
from the lungs into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs to be exhaled.
Respiration is a complex biochemical process at the cellular level in the body's tissues. (Saladin,
page 839, 2019).
Deliverable # 2. Ventilation is dependent upon a pressure gradient. Describe how
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