DAT Biology Feralis Notes p.12
Cell division - answer- nuclear division (karyokinesis) followed by cytokinesis
Chromosomes - answer- In diploid cells, there are two copies of each of these
- the two copies form a pair
- Humans have 46 of these, with 23 homologous ones
- which makes a total of 92 chromatids
MTOCs - answer- "microtubule organizing centers", aka centrosomes
- pair of these lay outside nucleus
- in animal cells, each MTOC contains a pair of centrioles
Mitosis - answer1.) Prophase
2.) Metaphase
3.) Anaphase
4.) Telophase
Mitosis prophase - answer- nucleus disassembles
- nucleolus disappear
- chromatin condenses into chromosomes,
- and nuclear envelope
breaks down. - Mitotic spindle is formed and microtubules (composed of tubulin) begin connecting to kinetochores.
Mitosis Metaphase - answer- chromosomes line up single file at center
- each chromatid is complete with a centromere and a kinetochore
- once separated, it is a chromosome (to keep track of total: count centromeres!). - Centrosomes at opposite ends of cell. (note: once separated that's the end of metaphase, so to be precise the chromosome # doubles at anaphase). - Karyotyping performed here.
Mitosis anaphase - answer- microtubules shorten
- each chromosome is pulled apart into two chromatids (once separated it is a chromosome; chromosome # doubles)
- pulls the chromosomes to opposite poles (disjunction)
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