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Unit 4: Instrumentalconditioning
Concept of instrumental conditioning
Outline
• Concept of Instrumental conditioning
- Basic elements
- Sets in Instrumental conditioning
• Basic phenomena in Instrumental conditioning
- Acquisition
- Exstinction
• Determination of Instrumental conditioning
- Owing to the organism
- Owing to the response
- Owing to the reinforcer
• Reinforcement schedule
- Simple
- Concurrent
• Negative punishment and aversive control of behaviour
Instrumental conditioning: Form of associative learning by which organisms learn to respond to get/avoid
certain consequences —> adaptive advantage
• Most behaviours are modulated by consequences
• From very early we have used this principia
Edwards L. Thorndike
Law of effect: the behaviour change as a function of his consequences
, Classical conditioning and Instrumental conditioning
Classical conditioning:
• Relations among events
• US (food) always appears whether the the CR (feeling hungry) takes place or not
Instrumental conditioning:
• Relations between behaviours and their consequences
• The consequence will change depending on instrumental response
Similarities:
• Negatively accelerated acquisition slope
• Extinction in absence of reinforcement
Burrhus F. Skinner and free operant learning (just a subset of instrumental conditioning)
Previous procedure to Skinner’s proposal → discrete trials (puzzle boxes, mazes)
Free operant (Skinner’s box)
• Trials do not exist
• Animal freely “operates” without limits of responses
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