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HESI Pharmacology Exam Practice 2024/2025 (100% verified solutions)
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HESI Pharmacology Exam Practice 2024/2025 (100% verified solutions)
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HESI Pharmacology Exam Practice2.) Oral iron supplements are prescribed for a 6-year-old child with iron deficiency anemia. The
nurse instructs the mother to administer the iron with which best food item?
1. Milk
2. Water
3. Apple juice
4. Orange juice - ANS4. Orange juice
Rationale:
Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron by the body. The mother should be instructed to
administer the medication with a citrus fruit or a juice that is high in vitamin C. Milk may affect
absorption of the iron. Water will not assist in absorption. Orange juice contains a greater
amount of vitamin C than apple juice.
3.) Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The nurse monitors the
client, knowing that which of the following would indicate the presence of systemic toxicity from
this medication?
1. Tinnitus
2. Diarrhea
3. Constipation
4. Decreased respirations - ANS1. Tinnitus
Rationale:
Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin, and systemic toxicity (salicylism) can result.
Symptoms include tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea, and psychological disturbances. Constipation
and diarrhea are not associated with salicylism.
22.) A nurse is caring for a client after thyroidectomy and notes that calcium gluconate is
prescribed for the client. The nurse determines that this medication has been prescribed to:
1. Treat thyroid storm.
2. Prevent cardiac irritability.
3. Treat hypocalcemic tetany.
4. Stimulate the release of parathyroid hormone. - ANS3. Treat hypocalcemic tetany.
Rationale:
Hypocalcemia can develop after thyroidectomy if the parathyroid glands are accidentally
removed or injured during surgery. Manifestations develop 1 to 7 days after surgery. If the client
develops numbness and tingling around the mouth, fingertips, or toes or muscle spasms or
twitching, the health care provider is notified immediately. Calcium gluconate should be kept at
the bedside.
23.) A client who has been newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus has been stabilized with daily
insulin injections. Which information should the nurse teach when carrying out plans for
discharge?
, 1. Keep insulin vials refrigerated at all times.
2. Rotate the insulin injection sites systematically.
3. Increase the amount of insulin before unusual exercise.
4. Monitor the urine acetone level to determine the insulin dosage. - ANS2. Rotate the insulin
injection sites systematically.
Rationale:
Insulin dosages should not be adjusted or increased before unusual exercise. If acetone is
found in the urine, it may possibly indicate the need for additional insulin. To minimize the
discomfort associated with insulin injections, the insulin should be administered at room
temperature. Injection sites should be systematically rotated from one area to another. The
client should be instructed to give injections in one area, about 1 inch apart, until the whole area
has been used and then to change to another site. This prevents dramatic changes in daily
insulin absorption.
24.) A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client regarding how to mix regular insulin and NPH
insulin in the same syringe. Which of the following actions, if performed by the client, indicates
the need for further teaching?
1. Withdraws the NPH insulin first
2. Withdraws the regular insulin first
3. Injects air into NPH insulin vial first
4. Injects an amount of air equal to the desired dose of insulin into the vial - ANS1. Withdraws
the NPH insulin first
Rationale:
When preparing a mixture of regular insulin with another insulin preparation, the regular insulin
is drawn into the syringe first. This sequence will avoid contaminating the vial of regular insulin
with insulin of another type. Options 2, 3, and 4 identify the correct actions for preparing NPH
and regular insulin.
25.) A home care nurse visits a client recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who is taking
Humulin NPH insulin daily. The client asks the nurse how to store the unopened vials of insulin.
The nurse tells the client to:
1. Freeze the insulin.
2. Refrigerate the insulin.
3. Store the insulin in a dark, dry place.
4. Keep the insulin at room temperature. - ANS2. Refrigerate the insulin.
Rationale:
Insulin in unopened vials should be stored under refrigeration until needed. Vials should not be
frozen. When stored unopened under refrigeration, insulin can be used up to the expiration date
on the vial. Options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
27.) Sildenafil (Viagra) is prescribed to treat a client with erectile dysfunction. A nurse reviews
the client's medical record and would question the prescription if which of the following is noted
in the client's history?
1. Neuralgia
, 2. Insomnia
3. Use of nitroglycerin
4. Use of multivitamins - ANS3. Use of nitroglycerin
Rationale:
Sildenafil (Viagra) enhances the vasodilating effect of nitric oxide in the corpus cavernosum of
the penis, thus sustaining an erection. Because of the effect of the medication, it is
contraindicated with concurrent use of organic nitrates and nitroglycerin. Sildenafil is not
contraindicated with the use of vitamins. Neuralgia and insomnia are side effects of the
medication.
28.) The health care provider (HCP) prescribes exenatide (Byetta) for a client with type 1
diabetes mellitus who takes insulin. The nurse knows that which of the following is the
appropriate intervention?
1. The medication is administered within 60 minutes before the morning and evening meal.
2. The medication is withheld and the HCP is called to question the prescription for the client.
3. The client is monitored for gastrointestinal side effects after administration of the medication.
4. The insulin is withdrawn from the Penlet into an insulin syringe to prepare for administration.
- ANS2. The medication is withheld and the HCP is called to question the prescription for the
client.
Rationale:
Exenatide (Byetta) is an incretin mimetic used for type 2 diabetes mellitus only. It is not
recommended for clients taking insulin. Hence, the nurse should hold the medication and
question the HCP regarding this prescription. Although options 1 and 3 are correct statements
about the medication, in this situation the medication should not be administered. The
medication is packaged in prefilled pens ready for injection without the need for drawing it up
into another syringe.
29.) A client is taking Humulin NPH insulin daily every morning. The nurse reinforces
instructions for the client and tells the client that the most likely time for a hypoglycemic reaction
to occur is:
1. 2 to 4 hours after administration
2. 4 to 12 hours after administration
3. 16 to 18 hours after administration
4. 18 to 24 hours after administration - ANS2. 4 to 12 hours after administration
Rationale:
Humulin NPH is an intermediate-acting insulin. The onset of action is 1.5 hours, it peaks in 4 to
12 hours, and its duration of action is 24 hours. Hypoglycemic reactions most likely occur during
peak time.
30.) A client with diabetes mellitus visits a health care clinic. The client's diabetes mellitus
previously had been well controlled with glyburide (DiaBeta) daily, but recently the fasting blood
glucose level has been 180 to 200 mg/dL. Which medication, if added to the client's regimen,
may have contributed to the hyperglycemia?
1. Prednisone
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