LCAS EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM LATEST 2024 EXAM COMPLETE
COMPREHENSIVE 350 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) GRADE A+ ASSURED
What are the stages of change? - (correct answer) precontemplation, contemplation,
preparation, action, maintenance
What does the CAGE stand for? - (correct answer) C- cut down
A- annoyed
G- guilty
E- eye opener
What does THC stand for? - (correct answer) delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
What does LSD stand for? - (correct answer) lysergic acid diethylamide
What is hemp? - (correct answer) The word used to describe Cannabis sativa plants that are
high in fiber content and generally low in psychoactive components (marijuana is used to describe
cannabis sativa high in psychoactive components)
Morphine is how many times more powerful than opium? - (correct answer) 10 times
What is the scientific name for heroin and what is its strength compared to morphine? - (correct
answer) Diacetyl morphine - two to five times stronger than morphine
What year was AA founded, and who founded it? - (correct answer) Founded in 1934 by Bill
Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith
Sedatives are generally used to _________________________ while hypnotics are mostly used to
__________________ - (correct answer) Calm anxiety; induce sleep
Name the five most common brand name benzodiazepines sedatives - (correct answer)
Librium, Valium, Xanax, Klonopin, and Halcion
What is GHB? - (correct answer) gamma hydroxybutyrate - a sedative originally developed as an
anesthetic -> began to be used as a sedative to induce euphoria, also used as a date rape drug
What is DXM? - (correct answer) dextromethorphan - found in many non-prescription cough and
cold medications, can induce psychedelic effects when used in large quantities (10 to 30x normal
dose)
What are the brand names of hydrocodone? - (correct answer) Vicodin, Lortab, Norco, Anexsia,
Hycodan, and Tylox
,What is the generic name of Oxycontin? - (correct answer) Oxycodone (time release version of
Percodan)
Why is hydrocodone the most widely used and abuse prescription opiate? - (correct answer)
Causes less nausea but has the same pain-diminishing effect as well as addictive potential as
codeine. *Because it is often co-formulated with acetaminophen, the abuse of the combination for
the psychic effects of the opioid can cause liver damage
What is the definition of a psychoactive drug? - (correct answer) Any substance that directly
alters the normal functioning of the central nervous system (this can be expanded to include any
behaviors [e.g. gambling] that activate the brain's alcohol and drug addiction pathways)
What is the trade name for Zoloft? - (correct answer) Setraline
What is the chemical name for MDMA? - (correct answer) Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
What are the most common CNS stimulants? - (correct answer) Cocaine (freebase, crack),
amphetamines (Adderall, meth, crystal meth, speed), amphetamine congeners (Ritalin, diet pills),
plant stimulants (khat, betel nuts, ephedra, yohimbe), caffeine, and nicotine
What are the physical effects of stimulants, from small doses to frequent use of stronger
stimulants (cocaine, amphetamines), to large amounts? - (correct answer) Small/Moderate
dose: excessive stimulation of the central nervous system, creating insomnia, energized muscles,
increased heart rate and blood pressure, and decreased appetite
Frequent use: over a period of a few days will deplete the body's energy chemicals and create
exhaustion, weight loss and malnutrition
Large amounts (or if extrasensitive): heart, blood vessel, and seizure problems can occur -
increased risk of stroke
What are the mental/emotional effects of stimulants, from small doses to prolonged use? -
(correct answer) Small/Moderate dose: increased confidence, excited, outgoing, talkativeness,
eager to perform. Can also cause a rush or ecstatic feeling
Larger doses: jitteriness, anxiety, anger, rapid speech, and aggressiveness
Prolonged use: extreme anxiety, paranoia, anhedonia, and mental confusion - overuse of strong
stimulants can even mimic psychosis
List the four main categories of downers or CNS depressants - (correct answer) -Opiates and
opioids
-Sedative-hypnotics
-Alcohol
-Others
List the types of opiates and opioids - (correct answer) Opium
List types of sedative-hypnotics - (correct answer) -Benzodiazepines (Xanax, Valium, Klonopin,
Rohypnol)
-Z-hypnotics (Ambien)
-Barbiturates (Butalbital)
-Meprobamate (Miltown)
-Alcohol
-Others (antihistamines, skeletal muscle relaxants, look-alike sedatives, and bromides)
What are the physical effects (small doses, excessive use, larger doses and in combination, high
dose and prolonged use) of downers/CNS depressants? - (correct answer) Small doses: slows
heart rate and respiration, relaxes muscles, decreases coordination, induces sleep, dulls the
senses, diminishes pain *opiates and opioids can also cause constipation, nausea, and pinpoint
pupils
Excessive drinking or sedative-hypnotic use can: slur speech, cause digestive problems
Large doses of alcohol or sedative-hypnotic use or in combination with other depressants can:
cause dangerous respiratory depression and coma
High dose or prolonged use of any depressant can: cause sexual dysfunction and tissue
dependence
What are the mental/emotional effects of downers or CNS depressants? - (correct answer)
Small doses: can act like stimulants because they lower inhibitions
Larger doses: relaxing and dulling the mind, diminishing anxiety, controlling neuroses *certain
downers can induce euphoria or a sense of well-being
Long-term use of any depressant: can cause psychological and physical dependence
Describe what hallucinogens or psychedelics are and how many classifications there are -
(correct answer) Substances that can distort perceptions and induce illusions, delusions, or
hallucinations
5 classifications
What are the classifications of hallucinogens? - (correct answer) -Ergots/indoles: LSD,
psilocybin mushrooms, ayahuasca, and DMT
, -Phenylalkylamines: peyote (mescaline), ibogaine, MDMA)
-Cannabinoids: marijuana and hashish
Others: ketamines, PCP, salvia, dextromethorphan, nutmeg, and Amanita mushrooms
What are the physical effects of hallucinogens? - (correct answer) Most cause nausea and
dizziness
Marijuana increases appetite and makes eyes bloodshot
LSD raises blood pressure and causes sweating
MDMA and even LSD act like stimulants
What are the mental/emotional effects of hallucinogens? - (correct answer) Distort sensory
messages to and from the brainstem, particularly the five senses are intensified or distorted
(illusions)
The brain can also trigger imaginary sensory messages (hallucinations) and distorted thinking
(delusions)
What is synesthesia? - (correct answer) The process where the brain causes sounds to become
visual and sights to be perceived as sound
What are inhalants? - (correct answer) Gaseous or liquid substances that are inhaled and
absorbed through the lungs.
Describe the types of inhalants - (correct answer) -Organic solvents: glue, gasoline, metallic
paints, household sprays
-Volatile nitrites: amyl, butyl, or cyclohexyl nitrite (also called "poppers")
-Anesthetics: nitrous oxide (laughing gas)
What are the physical effects of inhalants? - (correct answer) Most often there is CNS
depression, dizziness, slurred speech, unsteady gait, and drowsiness.
Some cause lower blood pressure, causing user to faint or lose balance
Because they are depressants they can cause drowsiness, stupor, coma, and asphyxiation
Organic solvents can be toxic to cells in the lung, brain, liver, kidney tissues, and even blood
What are the mental/emotional effects of inhalants? - (correct answer) Small amounts:
impulsiveness, excitement, mental confusion, and irritability
Larger amounts: delirium and hallucinations
What are anabolic steroids and other sports drugs? - (correct answer) Anabolic steroids are the
most common performance-enhancing drugs
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