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Apuntes History, science and profession

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  • April 14, 2024
  • 8
  • 2023/2024
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  • Yolanda
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Chapter 7: Cognitivism

Robert S. Woodworth 1869-1962

E —> O —> R E: Present situation
O: Organism’s actual status
R: Response

Past situations (subjective own story) + Present situation (psychometric) => makes up an individual


Variability explains the lack of linearity of responses

Inter-subjects: the same stimuli produces different responses in different individuals
Intra-subejct: the same stimuli produces different responses in the same individual

• Two identical stimuli might produce different responses
Offering a burger to someone in the morning vs during lunch time

• Two different stimuli might produce identical responses
Hearing a funny joke and getting tickled; both can make you laugh

• Response with no stimuli related (not really possible, there is always a stimuli, but you might not notice)

• Stimuli that doesn’t produce a response
Ignoring background noise while reading a book


Seligman & Hager (1972):

• Genetic factor being arre important in behaviour control they are mediators between biology and
behaviour
—> Genetics might also influence response

Dispositions: Influence by increasing • Cognitions
• Genetical • Affects
• Endocrinological • Behaviours
• Neuroanatomical
• Neurophysiological

, Mediation models: levels of processing


• Craik & Lockhart (1972)
• Organism as an active processor of experiences
• Focuses on the depth of processing involved in memory, and predicts the deeper information is
processed, the longer a memory trace will last

We can process information is 3 ways:

1- Shallow Processing:
Structural processing (perceptual): we encode only the physical qualities of something
Is the word written in capital letters?

2- Intermediate Processing:
Phonetic processing: we encode its sound
Does the word rhyme with weight?

3- Deep Processing:
Semantic processing: we encode the meaning of a word and leave it to similar words with similar
meaning
Would the word fit in the sentence: “He met a ___ on the street”?




Behaviour




Personal factors
(Cognitive, affective and Environmental factors
biological events)

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