"Connected Realities: Exploring the IoT Landscape"
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Course
Computer science
Institution
Computer Science
UNIT III: DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT- Design Methodology, Embedded computing
logic, Microcontroller, System on Chips, IoT system building blocks
IoT Platform overview: Overview of IoT supported Hardware platforms such as:
Raspberry pi, Arduino Board details
UNIT III: DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT-
➢Design Methodology
➢Embedded computing logic
➢Microcontroller
➢System on Chips
❖ IoT system building blocks IoT Platform overview:
❖ Overview of IoT supported Hardware platforms
such as:
➢Raspberry pi
➢Arduino Board details
, UNIT-III
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
IoT Design Methodology – Steps
Step 1: Purpose & Requirements Specification • The first step in IoT system design
methodology is to define the purpose and requirements of the system. In this step, the
system purpose, behavior and requirements (such as data collection requirements, data
analysis requirements, system management requirements, data privacy and security
requirements, user interface requirements, ...) are captured.
Step 2: Process Specification • The second step in the IoT design methodology is to define
the process specification. In this step, the use cases of the IoT system are formally described
based on and derived from the purpose and requirement specifications.
,Step 3: Domain Model Specification • The third step in the IoT design methodology is to
define the Domain Model. The domain model describes the main concepts, entities and
objects in the domain of IoT system to be designed. Domain model defines the attributes of
the objects and relationships between objects. Domain model provides an abstract
representation of the concepts, objects and entities in the IoT domain, independent of any
specific technology or platform. With the domain model, the IoT system designers can get
an understanding of the IoT domain for which the system is to be designed.
Step 4: Information Model Specification • The fourth step in the IoT design methodology is
to define the Information Model. Information Model defines the structure of all the
information in the IoT system, for example, attributes of Virtual Entities, relations, etc.
Information model does not describe the specifics of how the information is represented or
stored. To define the information model, we first list the Virtual Entities defined in the
Domain Model. Information model adds more details to the Virtual Entities by defining their
attributes and relations.
Step 5: Service Specifications • The fifth step in the IoT design methodology is to define the
service specifications. Service specifications define the services in the IoT system, service
types, service inputs/output, service endpoints, service schedules, service preconditions and
service effects.
Step 6: IoT Level Specification • The sixth step in the IoT design methodology is to define
the IoT level for the system.
Step 7: Functional View Specification • The seventh step in the IoT design methodology is to
define the Functional View. The Functional View (FV) defines the functions of the IoT
systems grouped into various Functional Groups (FGs). Each Functional Group either
provides functionalities for interacting with instances of concepts defined in the Domain
Model or provides information related to these concepts.
Step 8: Operational View Specification • The eighth step in the IoT design methodology is to
define the Operational View Specifications. In this step, various options pertaining to the IoT
system deployment and operation are defined, such as, service hosting options, storage
options, device options, application hosting options, etc
Step 9: Device & Component Integration • The ninth step in the IoT design methodology is
the integration of the devices and components.
Step 10: Application Development • The final step in the IoT design methodology is to
develop the IoT application.
, Embedded Computing Logic
It is essential to know about the embedded devices while learning the IoT or building the
projects on IoT. The embedded devices are the objects that build the unique computing
system. These systems may or may not connect to the Internet.
An embedded device system generally runs as a single application. However, these devices
can connect through the internet connection, and able communicate through other network
devices.
First developed in the 1960s for aerospace and the military, embedded computing systems
continue to support new applications through numerous feature enhancements and cost-
to-performance improvements of microcontrollers and programmable logic devices. Today,
embedded computing systems control everyday devices which we don’t generally think of
as “computers”: digital cameras, automobiles, smart watches, home appliances, and even
smart garments. These embedded computing systems are commonly found in consumer,
industrial, automotive, medical, commercial, and military applications.
Unlike general-purpose computers, embedded control systems are typically designed to
perform specific tasks. The embedded computing system designer’s task is to identify the
set of components that will implement the system’s functional, performance, usability, and
reliability requirements, typically within tight cost and development timeline constraints.
Accordingly, the selection of a microcontroller and its characteristics, including data
processing capabilities, speed, peripherals, and power consumption, is one of the earliest
and most critical aspects of system design.
Part of the designer’s responsibility involves being aware of trends in their particular
industry and taking advantage of relevant components and techniques . Let’s look for
examples among the top industries for microcontroller applications, the Internet of Things.
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