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SAMENVATTINGBS 3&4
Verbruggen, Maxime
,Inhoudsopgav§e
MEDISCHE BIOLOGIE BS3.................................................................................................................................. 3
ANATOMIE EN FYSIOLOGIE VAN HET SPIJSVERTERINGSKANAAL ........................................................................................... 3
De maag ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
Dunne en dikke darm ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Histologie spijsverteringskanaal .................................................................................................................... 6
Spijsverteringsenzymen ................................................................................................................................. 7
Slikken en braken ........................................................................................................................................... 9
GEZONDE VOEDING................................................................................................................................................ 10
Voedingsstoffen ........................................................................................................................................... 10
ATP-productie............................................................................................................................................... 12
Koolhydraat-, eiwit-, en vetstofwisseling ..................................................................................................... 13
Richtlijnen gezonde voeding ........................................................................................................................ 14
OVERGEWICHT EN CARDIOMETABOOL RISICO............................................................................................................... 16
Cardiometabool risico .................................................................................................................................. 16
Energiebalans en overgewicht ..................................................................................................................... 18
Co- morbiditeit en overgewicht ................................................................................................................... 20
Medicatie bij cardiometabool syndroom ..................................................................................................... 21
Bariatrische chirurgie................................................................................................................................... 23
HORMONEN ......................................................................................................................................................... 24
Algemene werking van een hormoon .......................................................................................................... 24
Hormonale regeling ..................................................................................................................................... 26
Hormonen afgegeven door de hypofyse ...................................................................................................... 28
Schildklier en bijschildklierhormonen .......................................................................................................... 30
Hormonen van de bijnieren ......................................................................................................................... 33
Stressreactie ................................................................................................................................................ 35
PUBERTEIT EN ENDOCRIENE ZIEKTES .......................................................................................................................... 36
Puberteit ...................................................................................................................................................... 36
Groeihormoonstoornissen ........................................................................................................................... 38
Hyper- en hypothyreoïdie............................................................................................................................. 39
Hypo- en hyperparathyreoïdie ..................................................................................................................... 41
Syndromen van Cushing en Addison ............................................................................................................ 43
MEDISCHE BIOLOGIE BS4................................................................................................................................ 46
CARDIOVASCULAIRE ZIEKTEBEELDEN .......................................................................................................................... 46
Artherosclerose ............................................................................................................................................ 46
Intracraniële drukverhoging ........................................................................................................................ 48
Verhoogde bloedingsneiging ....................................................................................................................... 49
Hersenvliezen en liquor ................................................................................................................................ 52
Symptomen en gevolgen van een CVA ......................................................................................................... 53
Oorzaken en behandeling van een CVA ....................................................................................................... 55
Preventieve medicatie bij een CVA ............................................................................................................... 57
ANATOMIE EN FYSIOLOGIE VAN HET CARDIOVASCULAIR SYSTEEM ..................................................................................... 58
Hormonale regeling nierfunctie en bloeddruk ............................................................................................. 58
Foetale bloedsomloop.................................................................................................................................. 60
Coronaire circulatie ...................................................................................................................................... 62
Bloedvaten ................................................................................................................................................... 64
Het hart........................................................................................................................................................ 66
Geleidingssysteem en de hartcyclus ............................................................................................................ 67
ANATOMIE EN FYSIOLOGIE VAN DE BLOEDSUIKERREGULATIE ............................................................................................ 69
De alvleesklier .............................................................................................................................................. 69
Diabetes mellitus type 1 .............................................................................................................................. 71
Diabetes mellitus type 2 .............................................................................................................................. 72
Zwangerschapsdiabetes .............................................................................................................................. 73
Ontregelde glucosespiegel ........................................................................................................................... 74
, Diabetes mellitus en coma ........................................................................................................................... 76
Medicatie bij Diabetes mellitus .................................................................................................................... 78
ANATOMIE EN FYSIOLOGIE VAN HET BEENDERSTELSEL .................................................................................................... 80
Fracturen ..................................................................................................................................................... 80
Osteoporose ................................................................................................................................................. 82
Botten, gewrichten en indeling van de botten ............................................................................................. 84
Botgroei en veroudering .............................................................................................................................. 88
Beenderstelsel: botweefsel .......................................................................................................................... 89
Verbening, appositie en herstel van fracturen ............................................................................................. 90
ALGEMEEN ..................................................................................................................................................... 91
PREVENTIE EN EPIDEMIOLOGIE ................................................................................................................................. 91
ZELFMANAGEMENT EN COPINGSSTRATEGIEËN.............................................................................................................. 95
VERPLEEGKUNDIGE INDICATIESTELLING....................................................................................................................... 97
BEOORDELEN VAN EEN ONDERZOEKSARTIKEL ............................................................................................................... 99
MULTIDISCIPLINAIRE SAMENWERKING ..................................................................................................................... 101
INDICEREN VAN ZORG IN DE WIJKVERPLEGING ............................................................................................................ 104
COMPLEXITEIT VAN ZORG EN TRIAGE........................................................................................................................ 105
KWALITEIT VAN ZORG ........................................................................................................................................... 107
VEILIGHEID VAN DE ZORG ...................................................................................................................................... 108
COVA ............................................................................................................................................................ 110
AANDACHTSPUNTEN TIJDENS EEN ANAMNESEGESPREK ................................................................................................ 110
PROFESSIONELE OVERDRACHT ................................................................................................................................ 114
, Medische biologie BS3
Anatomie en fysiologie van het spijsverteringskanaal
De maag
Maag – ventriculus – gaster
Functies:
• Tijdelijke opslag -> voedsel
• Kneding -> voedselbrij mengen
• Chemische afbraak
• Doden van ziektekiemen -> door de lage pH van de zuren
• Productie van intrinsieke factor -> zorgt voor opname vitamine B12
Sterke musculatuur:
• Longitudinale laag
• Circulaire laag
• Schuine laag
Activiteiten van de maag
1. Cefalische fase
• Maagsapafgifte -> sap wordt gevormd als je eten ziet of ruikt
2. Gastrische fase (voedsel beland in de maag)
• Knedende bewegingen
• Maagsapafgifte
• pH daalt sterk -> om eiwitten goed af te breken en ziektekiemen te doden
3. Intestinale fase (voedselbrij gaat naar de twaalfvingerige darm)
• Eerste chymus gaat door de pylorus
• Activiteit van de maag neemt af
• Kleine beetjes worden doorgelaten -> de kleine beetjes van de voedselbrij worden
geneutraliseerd met behulp van spijsverteringssappen van de alvleesklier
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