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Samenvatting
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Samenvatting studieboek Inleiding in de persoonlijkheidspsychologie van Dick Barelds, Pieternel Dijkstra (1 t/m 5) - ISBN: 9789089538260, Druk: 1, Uitgavejaar: -
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Persoonlijkheidspsychologiesamenvatting
,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: Persoonlijkheid: een introductie................................................................................................4
1.1 Wat is persoonlijkheid....................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Stabiliteit van persoonlijkheid........................................................................................................................6
1.3 Erfelijkheid van persoonlijkheid......................................................................................................................7
1.4 Zelf en identiteit..............................................................................................................................................9
1.5 Het vakgebied persoonlijkheidspsychologie.................................................................................................11
Hoofdstuk 2: Klassieke modellen van persoonlijkheid...................................................................................11
2.1 Sigmund Freud en de psychoanalyse...........................................................................................................12
2.1.1 Hysterie.................................................................................................................................................12
2.1.2 Verklaringen van de psyche in drievoud...............................................................................................12
2.1.3 Dynamiek: verdringing..........................................................................................................................13
2.1.4 Economie: driften.................................................................................................................................13
2.1.5 Economie vervolgd: libido....................................................................................................................13
2.1.6 Structuur: Id..........................................................................................................................................14
2.1.7 Structuur: Ego.......................................................................................................................................14
2.1.8 Structuur: Superego..............................................................................................................................15
2.2 Fred Skinner en het behaviorisme................................................................................................................16
2.2.1 Operante conditionering......................................................................................................................16
2.2.2 Positieve en negatieve bekrachtiging...................................................................................................16
2.2.3 Straf.......................................................................................................................................................16
2.2.4 Shaping.................................................................................................................................................17
2.2.5 Bekrachtigingssamenhang....................................................................................................................17
2.2.6. Het extinctieprobleem.........................................................................................................................17
2.2.7 Mentalisme en zelfbeheersing..............................................................................................................17
2.2.8 Pathologisch gedrag..............................................................................................................................18
2.2.9 Psychotherapie.....................................................................................................................................18
2.3 Carl Rogers en het humanisme....................................................................................................................18
2.3.1 Actualisatietendens en organische waardering....................................................................................18
2.3.2 Onvoorwaardelijke waardering............................................................................................................18
2.3.3 Empathie...............................................................................................................................................19
2.3.4 Congruentie..........................................................................................................................................19
2.3.5 Defensiviteit..........................................................................................................................................19
2.4 George Kelly en het cognitivisme.................................................................................................................20
2.4.1 Gedrag als uitkomst van een voorspelling............................................................................................20
2.4.2 Voorspellen door middel van constructen...........................................................................................21
2.4.3 Dichotoom contrast denken.................................................................................................................21
2.4.4 Het constructsysteem...........................................................................................................................21
2.4.5 Constructie van anderen en jezelf........................................................................................................22
2.4.6 Roltherapie............................................................................................................................................22
Hoofdstuk 3: Moderne kijk op persoonlijkheid.............................................................................................23
3.1 Jezelf beschrijven..........................................................................................................................................23
3.2 De lexicale hypothese...................................................................................................................................23
3.3 Taxonomieën................................................................................................................................................23
3.3.1 De taxonomie van Cattel.......................................................................................................................23
3.3.2 Het Big-Five model van persoonlijkheidseigenschappen.....................................................................24
3.4 Cultuurverschillen in persoonlijkheid...........................................................................................................25
, 3.4.1 Culturele verschillen met betrekking tot de Big Five............................................................................25
3.4.2 De Big-Seven.........................................................................................................................................25
3.4.3 De Big Six...............................................................................................................................................25
3.4.4 Gebruik van alle taal- en cultuur gerelateerde aspecten om persoonlijkheid te beschrijven..............25
3.4.5 De Big Eight...........................................................................................................................................25
3.4.6 Het psycholexicale persoonlijkheidsmodellen de grens over...............................................................26
3.5 Hiërarchie van structuren.............................................................................................................................28
Hoofdstuk 4: Meten van persoonlijkheid...................................................................................................... 29
4.1 Kwaliteit van persoonlijkheidstest................................................................................................................29
4.1.1 Betrouwbaarheid..................................................................................................................................30
4.1.2 Validiteit................................................................................................................................................31
4.1.3 Samenhang tussen betrouwbaarheid en validiteit...............................................................................32
4.1.4 Normering.............................................................................................................................................33
4.1.5 Commissie Testaangelegenheden Nederland.......................................................................................33
4.2 Soorten persoonlijkheidstests.......................................................................................................................34
4.2.1 Projectieve tests....................................................................................................................................34
4.2.2 Observatie.............................................................................................................................................35
4.2.3 Persoonlijkheidsvragenlijsten...............................................................................................................35
4.3 Wanneer is een assessment van de persoonlijkheid zinvol?........................................................................39
4.4 Problemen met persoonlijkheidsassessment...............................................................................................40
Hoofdstuk 5: Rol van persoonlijkheid in het leven van alledag......................................................................41
5.1 Sekseverschillen in persoonlijkheid..............................................................................................................41
5.1.1 Sekseverschillen in persoonlijkheid: wat toont....................................................................................41
5.1.2 Theorieën over sekseverschillen...........................................................................................................43
5.1.3 Genderidentiteit...................................................................................................................................43
5.2 Cultuurverschillen in persoonlijkheid...........................................................................................................44
5.3 Rol van persoonlijkheid in (partner) relaties................................................................................................45
5.3.1 Gelijkenis in persoonlijkheid.................................................................................................................45
5.3.2 Invloed van ‘losse’ persoonlijkheidseigenschappen.............................................................................45
5.3.3 Invloed van hechtingstijlen...................................................................................................................46
5.4 Rol van persoonlijkheid op werk en school..................................................................................................47
5.4.1 Persoonlijkheid en prestatie s...............................................................................................................48
5.4.2 Leren en professionaliseren..................................................................................................................49
5.5 Verband tussen persoonlijkheid en gezondheid...........................................................................................49
5.5.1 Gezondheid, gezondheidsklachten en levensduur...............................................................................50
5.5.2 Coping...................................................................................................................................................50
Kennisclips................................................................................................................................................... 51
Kennisclip: Meten van Persoonlijkheid Instrumenten en Problemen bij Meten.................................................52
Kennisclip: Combinaties en variaties BIG5 factoren en BAS en BIS....................................................................53
Kennisclip: Behavioristisch perspectief...............................................................................................................53
Kennisclip: Cognitivistisch perspectief................................................................................................................54
Kennisclip: Humanistisch perspectief.................................................................................................................54
Kennisclip: Psychodynamisch perspectief..........................................................................................................55
Kennisclip: Betrouwbaarheid en validiteit..........................................................................................................56
Kennisclip: Normgroepen...................................................................................................................................56
, Kennisclip: Psycholexicale methode en moderne trekkenbenadering................................................................56
Kennisclip: Coping..............................................................................................................................................57
Kennisclip: Cultuur en persoonlijkheid in ons dagelijksleven.............................................................................58
Kennisclip: Sekseverschillen................................................................................................................................59
Hoofdstuk 1: Persoonlijkheid: een introductie
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