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Samenvatting - Strafrecht
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- Vak strafrecht en criminologie, DEEL1: Strafrecht - 3e jaar orthopedagogie () - Vak gegeven door Veerle Van den Bogaert
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INLEIDING TOTCRIMINOLOGIE
ONDERDEEL: STRAFRECHT
Rayna Denooze
Hogeschool Gent
Orthopedagogie 2023-2024
,Inhoudsopgave
LES 1: STRAFRECHT........................................................................................................................................ 4
1.1. Inleiding: Wat is strafrecht?...........................................................................................................................4
1.1.1. Kenmerken van strafrecht.......................................................................................................................5
1.2. De strafwet.....................................................................................................................................................6
1.2.1. Algemeen.................................................................................................................................................6
1.2.2. Soorten strafrecht...................................................................................................................................6
1.2.3. Soorten wetten........................................................................................................................................6
1.2.4. Het legaliteitsbeginsel.............................................................................................................................7
1.2.5. Interpretatie van de strafwet..................................................................................................................7
1.2.6. Toepassen van de strafwet in de tijd......................................................................................................8
1.2.7. Toepassing van de strafwet naar de persoon.........................................................................................8
1.2.8. Casussen..................................................................................................................................................9
LES 2: HET MISDRIJF..................................................................................................................................... 10
2.1. Definitie........................................................................................................................................................10
2.2. De constitutieve elementen van het misdrijf...............................................................................................10
2.2.1. Het materieel element of de objectieve delictsbestanddelen.............................................................11
2.2.2. Het moreel element of de subjectieve delictsbestanddelen................................................................12
2.2.3. Wederrechtelijkheid..............................................................................................................................12
2.3. Indeling van misdrijven................................................................................................................................13
2.3.1. De strafwettelijke driedelige indeling (Art. 1Sw.).................................................................................13
2.3.2. De indeling afgeleid uit de Grondwet:..................................................................................................15
2.3.3. De indeling volgens het moreel element:.............................................................................................15
2.3.4. De indeling volgens de materiële uitvoeringswijze:.............................................................................16
2.4. Rechtvaardigheidsgronden..........................................................................................................................17
2.4.1. Voorschrift van de wet of bevel van de overheid.................................................................................17
2.4.2. Wettige verdediging of noodweer........................................................................................................18
2.4.3. Noodtoestand........................................................................................................................................19
2.5. Verzwarende omstandigheden....................................................................................................................20
2.6. Verzachtende omstandigheden...................................................................................................................21
2.7. Verschoningsgronden..................................................................................................................................21
2.7.1. Strafuitsluitende verschoningsgronden................................................................................................22
2.7.2. Strafverminderende verschoningsgronden..........................................................................................23
LES 3: ACTUALITEIT – PROCES SANDA DIA (ZIE PPT)......................................................................................24
LES 4: DE STRAFRECHTELIJKE VERANTWOORDELIJKHEID...............................................................................24
4.1. Strafrechtelijk schuldbegrip.........................................................................................................................24
4.2. Opzet v.s. onachtzaamheid..........................................................................................................................24
4.3. Schulduitsluitingsgronden............................................................................................................................25
1
, 4.3.1. Dwang of overmacht.............................................................................................................................25
4.3.2. Dwaling of onwetendheid.....................................................................................................................25
4.3.3. Schuldonbekwaamheid.........................................................................................................................26
4.4. Samenvattend..............................................................................................................................................26
LES 5: DE STRAFBARE POGING...................................................................................................................... 27
5.1. Voorwaarden strafbare poging...................................................................................................................27
5.2. De bestraffing van de poging.......................................................................................................................27
LES 6: DE STRAFBARE DEELNEMING.............................................................................................................. 28
6.1. Begrip strafbare deelneming.......................................................................................................................28
6.2. Daders en mededaders................................................................................................................................28
6.3. Medeplichtigen............................................................................................................................................29
6.4. Bestraffing....................................................................................................................................................29
LES 7: DE SANCTIE........................................................................................................................................ 30
7.1. Wat is sanctie...............................................................................................................................................30
7.2. Wat is straf...................................................................................................................................................30
7.3. De wettelijke indeling...................................................................................................................................31
7.4. De verschillende straffen..............................................................................................................................32
7.4.1. De vrijheidsberovende straf..................................................................................................................32
7.4.2. De geldboete.........................................................................................................................................32
7.4.3. De werkstraf..........................................................................................................................................33
7.4.4. De straf onder elektronisch toezicht.....................................................................................................33
7.4.5. De autonome probatiestraf..................................................................................................................33
7.4.6. De bijzondere verbeurdverklaring........................................................................................................34
7.4.7. De ontzetting uit burgerlijke en politieke rechten................................................................................34
7.4.8. De terbeschikkingsstelling van de strafuitvoeringsrechtbank..............................................................34
7.5. Maatregelen.................................................................................................................................................35
7.5.1. Internering van geestesgestoorden......................................................................................................35
LES 8: DE STRAFTOEMETING......................................................................................................................... 36
8.1. Algemene beginselen...................................................................................................................................36
8.2. Verzwarende omstandigheden....................................................................................................................36
8.3. Verzwachtende omstandigheden................................................................................................................36
8.4. Verschoningsgronden..................................................................................................................................37
8.5. Samenloop van misdrijven (niet héél goed kennen)....................................................................................37
8.6. Recidive of herhaling....................................................................................................................................37
8.7. Modaliteiten van straf.................................................................................................................................38
8.7.1. Opschorting van uitspraak....................................................................................................................38
2
, 8.7.2. Uitstel van de tenuitvoerlegging van straf............................................................................................38
8.7.3. Probatie(voorwaarden).........................................................................................................................39
8.8. Samenvattend..............................................................................................................................................39
LES 9: DE STRAFUITVOERING........................................................................................................................ 40
9.1. Algemeen.....................................................................................................................................................40
9.2. Verval of tenietgaan van straffen................................................................................................................40
9.2.1. De dood van de veroordeelde...............................................................................................................40
9.2.2. Verjaring................................................................................................................................................41
9.2.3. Amnestie (zelden toegepast)................................................................................................................41
9.2.4. Genade (regelmatig toegepast)............................................................................................................41
9.3. Recht op uitvoering van straffen..................................................................................................................41
9.3.1. Geldboete en verbeurdverklaring.........................................................................................................42
9.3.2. Vrijheidsstraf.........................................................................................................................................42
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