Chem 219 Unit 4 Exam with Verified Solutions

Chem 219 Unit 4 Exam with Verified Solutions What are the four halogen elements? - Answer -F, Cl, Br, I organohalide compounds - Answer -Organic molecules containing halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I) Examples of how organohalide compounds are used by humans - Answer -- have been found in marine life (algae, mollusks, sponges, etc.), bc they metabolize the high concentrations of inorganic chlorides and bromides that are found in the seas. - Industrially, organohalides find uses as solvents, insecticides, herbicides, cleaning fluids, fire retardants, and refrigerants, among others. - In medicinal use, many organohalides are used as inhaled anesthetics and disinfectants. - The compound known as Teflon is a polymer that finds many uses as a lubricant and in non-stick applications such as cookware. Teflon is a polymer containing carbon-fluorine bonds instead of carbonhydrogen bonds, as are seen in a typical organic molecule. What is the primary reason halogen-containing compounds are important in organic chemistry? - Answer -Their reactivity They can be used as starting materials in the synthesis of larger and more complex organic molecules because of the variety of reactions that can occur in an organohalide molecule. What are two of the most important reaction types typical of organohalides? - Answer -Substitution reaction (nucleophilic substitution reaction) Elimination reaction Substitution reaction - Answer -Replacing the halogen atom in a molecule with another atom or functional group Elimination reaction - Answer -A reaction that removes the halogen and hydrogen atoms from the original substrate molecule creating an unsaturated compound. Alkyl halides - Answer -Aliphatic hydrocarbons (alkenes, alkanes, alkynes) that possess one or more halogen atom substituents.Since halogen atoms have the same bonding pattern as hydrogen atoms (forming one single covalent bond), they often take the place of hydrogen atoms in organic molecules. Aryl halides - Answer -Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene rings) with one or more halogen atoms attached to the ring (a compound in which a halogen is bound to the carbon of a be