EXAM 2 BIO 1407 | QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT SOLUTION GRADED A+

EXAM 2 BIO 1407 | QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT SOLUTION GRADED A+ What are the levels of organization for ecological study? Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, and Biosphere What is ecology? Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment. ______ are grasslands with scattered trees. Poor soils and lack of moisture prevent the establishment of most trees. Grazing animals and frequent fires further limit invasion by trees. Grasses survive because their growing point shoots below the ground. Savannah _____ occur in equatorial areas where the temperature is warm and days are 11-12 hours long year-round. It is among the most complex of all biomes, harboring enormous numbers of different species. Tropical Forest ______ are the driest of all terrestrial biomes, characterized by low and unpredictable rainfall. The cycles of growth and reproduction in the desert are keyed to rainfall. The driest deserts have no perennial vegetation at all, but less arid regions have scattered deep-rooted shrubs, ofter interspersed with water-storing succulents. Dessert ____ is characterized by dense, spiny shrubs with tough evergreen leaves. The climate results mainly from cool ocean currents circulating offshore, which produce mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. Limited to coastal areas. Vegetation is adapted to periodic fires, most often caused by lightning Chaparral ______ have some of the characteristics of tropical savannas, but they are mostly treeless, except along rivers or streams. Found in regions with relatively cold winter temperatures and periodic severe droughts. Large grazing animals, such as bison, pronghorn, and wild horses are characteristic of grasslands. Ground-nesting birds and small, burrowing mammals are prominent here as well. Grasslands ______ grows throughout mid-latitude regions, where there is sufficient moisture to support the growth of large trees. Ex: hickory, oak, and maple trees. Trees aren't as tall and diverse as the tropical rainforest, and the canopy is more open, but the soils are richer in inorganic and organic nutrients. Temperate Forests ______ covers extensive areas of the Arctic between the taiga and polar ice. The Arctic tundra is characterized by permafrost, and permanently frozen subsoil Arctic Tundra ______ is the largest terrestrial biome on Earth. Cone-bearing evergreen trees dominate coniferous forests Taiga ______ covers land north of the tundra; much of the Arctic Ocean is continuously frozen as well. It also covers the continent of Antarctica, which is surrounded by a ring of sea ice and numerous islands. Lichens, small plants, and mosses manage to survive along with invertebrates and semi-marine animals. Polar Ice What type of creatures do you find in the pelagic and benthic zones? Fish, Marine Mammals, Phytoplanktons, etc. What causes precipitation patterns? How does rain form? Precipitation patterns come from high torture near land that causes water to evaporate. Rain forms in clouds due to evaporation. ___ where photosynthesis can occur in the ocean. Photic zone _____ where photosynthesis can not occur (including twilight and midnight zone) Aphotic Zone ____ is developmentally fixed and are not learned. They are under strong genetic control and are performed in very similar ways by all members of the species, though they may differ at different times of life or between sexes. Innate Behaviors Both genetics and the environment can influence behavior behavioral Influences an animal decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it. Habituation A primitive form of learning in which some young animals follow and form an attachment to the first moving object they see and hear. Imprinting the establishment of a memory that reflects the environment's spatial structure. Spatial Learning Learning through observing others.