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Europees Mededingingsrecht: Staatssteun - Samenvatting - Prof. dr. Tony Joris
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  • Europees Mededingingsrecht - Staatssteun
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  • Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Volledige en uitgebreide samenvatting van alle lessen te kennen voor het examen van het vak Europees Mededingingsrecht: Staatssteun gedoceerd door Prof. dr. Tony Joris.

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  • April 17, 2024
  • 81
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary

Subjects

  • europees recht
  • mededingingsrecht
  • competition law
  • eu competition
  • staatssteun
  • state aid
  • prof tony joris
  • eu
  • vub
  • ma na ma internationaal en europees recht
  • internationaal en europees recht

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  • Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
  • Internationaal en Europees Recht
  • Europees Mededingingsrecht - Staatssteun
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EUROPEES MEDEDINGINGSRECHT
INZAKE STAATSSTEUN
Prof. dr. Tony Joris
Academiejaar 2021-2022

, INHOUDSTAFEL

Module 1: Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................... 6
1. Europees ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
1.1. De eU-staatssteun regels reiken verder dan de grenzen vd EU ............................................................. 6
2. Mededingingsrecht ........................................................................................................................................ 7
2.1. EGKS verdrag (1951)............................................................................................................................... 7
2.2. De interne markt .................................................................................................................................... 7
2.3. Actoren ................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.4. Procedures ............................................................................................................................................. 8
3. Staatssteun .................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1. Arts. 107, 108 en 109 VWEU .................................................................................................................. 9
3.2. Verordeningen (secundair EU-staatssteunrecht) ................................................................................. 10
3.2.1. Procedureverordening .................................................................................................................. 10
3.2.2. Machtigingsverordening (2015/1588) .......................................................................................... 10

Module 2: Uitgebreide bespreking van de drie kernwoorden ...................................................................... 12
1. Europees ...................................................................................................................................................... 12
1.1. Europese Unie ...................................................................................................................................... 12
1.2. Exporteren van EU staatssteunrecht.................................................................................................... 12
1.2.1. Stabilisatie en associatieakkoorden .............................................................................................. 12
1.2.2. Europese Economische Ruimte (EER, 1992) ................................................................................. 13
1.2.3. Zwitserland ................................................................................................................................... 13
1.2.4. Verenigd Koninkrijk ....................................................................................................................... 14
1.3. Interne markt ....................................................................................................................................... 14
1.4. Bevoegdheden (Arts. 2, 3, 4 VWEU) ..................................................................................................... 14
1.5. Instellingen ........................................................................................................................................... 15
1.5.1. Europese Commissie (Art. 17 VEU) ............................................................................................... 15
1.5.2. Raad van de europese Unie .......................................................................................................... 18
Procedure van goedkeuring bij de raad ............................................................................................. 19
1.5.3. Europees Parlement (Art. 14 VEU)................................................................................................ 20
1.5.4. Hof van Justitie van de EU en het Europees Gerecht (Art. 19 VEU) .............................................. 20
1.5.4.1. Inbreukprocedures en niet-nakomingsacties ........................................................................ 21
1.5.4.2. Beroep tot nietigverklaring (Art. 263 VWEU) ........................................................................ 22
1.5.4.3. Beroep wegens het nalaten een besluit te nemen (Art. 265 VWEU) .................................... 22
1.5.4.4. Schadevergoedingsacties ...................................................................................................... 22
1.5.4.5. Prejudiciële vragen (art. 267 VWEU) ..................................................................................... 23
1.6. Europese Raad...................................................................................................................................... 23
1.7. Rekenkamer ......................................................................................................................................... 23
1.8. Economisch en Sociaal Comité en het Comité van de Regio’s ............................................................. 23
2. MEdedingingsrecht ...................................................................................................................................... 24
2.1. Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................ 24
2.2. Primaire regels vh mededingingsrecht m.b.t. staatssteun ................................................................... 24
2.2.1. Art. 346 VWEU .............................................................................................................................. 26
2.3. Secundaire regels vh mededingingsrecht m.b.T. staatssteun .............................................................. 26
3. Staatssteun .................................................................................................................................................. 27
3.1. Staat ..................................................................................................................................................... 27
3.2. Steun .................................................................................................................................................... 27

Module 3: Materieel EU Staatssteunrecht: Art. 107 VWEU .......................................................................... 28
1. ARt. 107 lid 1................................................................................................................................................ 29
1.1. Criterium 1: Steunmaatregelen met staatsmiddelen bekostigd .......................................................... 29



2

, 1.1.1. Definitie steunmaatregel .............................................................................................................. 29
1.1.2. Definitie onderneming .................................................................................................................. 31
1.1.3. Voorbeelden van staatssteun ....................................................................................................... 31
1.2. Criterium 2: Selectieve steunmaatregelen ........................................................................................... 33
1.2.1. Materiële selectiviteit >< regionale selectiviteit ........................................................................... 33
1.3. Criteria 3 en 4: Steunmaatregelen die de mededinging op de interne markt (dreigen te) vervalsen &
de interstatenhandel ongunstig (kunnen) beïnvloeden .............................................................................. 34
1.3.1. Merkbaarheidscriterium? ............................................................................................................. 34
2. Art. 107 Lid 2: de iure uitzonderingen.......................................................................................................... 35
2.1. Art. 107 Lid 2 sub A .............................................................................................................................. 35
2.2. Art. 107 lid 2 sub b ............................................................................................................................... 36
2.2.1. Natuurrampen .............................................................................................................................. 36
2.2.2. Andere buitengewone gebeurtenissen......................................................................................... 37
2.3. Art. 107 lid 2 sub c ................................................................................................................................ 37
3. Art. 107 Lid 3: mogelijke uitzonderingen ..................................................................................................... 38
3.1. Richtsnoeren, mededelingen en kaderregelingen ............................................................................... 39
3.1.1. Voorbeelden ................................................................................................................................. 39
3.2. Art. 107 lid 3 sub A: regionale steun .................................................................................................... 40
3.2.1. Steunmappen (regional aid maps) ................................................................................................ 41
3.2.2. Groepsvrijstellingsverordening ..................................................................................................... 41
3.3. Art. 107 lid 3 sub b ............................................................................................................................... 41
3.3.1. Gemeenschappelijk Europees belang ........................................................................................... 41
3.3.2. Ernstige verstoring van de economie van een lidstaat ................................................................. 42
3.4. Art. 107 lid 3 sub c ................................................................................................................................ 42
3.4.1. Regionale staatssteun i.h.k.v. sub C .............................................................................................. 42
3.4.2. Sectoriële staatssteun i.h.k.v. sub c .............................................................................................. 43
3.4.3. Horizontale staatssteun i.h.k.v. sub c ........................................................................................... 43
3.5. Art. 107 lid 3 sub D ............................................................................................................................... 43
3.5.1. Algemene groepsvrijstellingsverordening .................................................................................... 44
3.6. Art. 107 lid 3 sub e ............................................................................................................................... 44

Module 4: Procedureel staatssteunrecht: Art. 108 VWEU en de verordeningen ........................................... 45
1. Art. 108 VWEU ............................................................................................................................................. 46
1.1. Art. 108 lid 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 46
1.2. Art. 108 lid 2 ......................................................................................................................................... 47
1.3. Art. 108 Lid 3 ........................................................................................................................................ 47
1.4. ArT. 108 lid 4 ........................................................................................................................................ 47
2. Procedureverordening (2015/1589) ............................................................................................................ 47
2.1. Hoofdstukken ....................................................................................................................................... 47
2.2. Bespreking van de artikels (zie reader) ................................................................................................ 48
2.2.1. Hoofdstuk 1: Algemeen ................................................................................................................ 48
Art. 1: Definities.................................................................................................................................. 48
2.2.2. Hoofdstuk 2: Procedure voor aangemelde steun ......................................................................... 50
Art. 2: procedure betreffende aangemelde steun (cf. Art. 108.3 VWEU) .......................................... 50
Art. 3: Herhaling standstill-verplichting .............................................................................................. 51
Art. 4: Eerste onderzoek van de aanmelding en besluiten van de commissie ................................... 51
Art. 5: Verzoek om informatie aan de aangemelde lidstaat............................................................... 52
Art. 6: Formele onderzoeksprocedure ............................................................................................... 52
Art. 7: verzoek om informatie aan andere bronnen........................................................................... 52
Art. 9: Besluiten vd Commissie tot beëindiging vd formele onderzoeksprocedure ........................... 52
Art. 11: Herroeping van een besluit ................................................................................................... 54
2.2.4. Hoofdstuk 3: Procedure voor onrechtmatige staatssteun............................................................ 54
Art. 12: Onderzoek, verzoek om info en bevel tot het verstrekken van info ..................................... 54
Art. 13: Bevel tot opschorting van steun of tot voorlopige terugvordering van steun ...................... 55
Art. 14: Niet-naleving van een bevel .................................................................................................. 56


3

, Art. 15: Besluiten van de commissie .................................................................................................. 56
Art. 16: Terugvordering van steun ..................................................................................................... 56
2.2.5. Hoofdstuk 4: de verjaringstermijnen ............................................................................................ 57
Art. 17: Verjaringstermijn voor de terugvordering van steun ............................................................ 57
2.2.6. Hoofdstuk 5: De procedure voor misbruik van staatssteun ......................................................... 57
Art. 20: Misbruik van steun ................................................................................................................ 57
2.2.7. Hoofdstuk 6: De procedure voor bestaande steunregelingen ...................................................... 58
Art. 21: Samenwerking op grond van Art. 108, lid 1, vWEU ............................................................... 58
Art. 22: Voorstel voor dienstige maatregelen .................................................................................... 58
Art. 23: Rechtsgevolgen van een voorstel voor dienstige maatregelen ............................................. 58
2.2.8. Hoofdstuk 7: Belanghebbenden ................................................................................................... 58
Art. 24: Rechten van de belanghebbenden ........................................................................................ 58
2.2.9. Hoofdstuk 8: Onderzoeken van de Commissie ............................................................................. 59
2.2.10. Hoofdstuk 9: Toezicht ................................................................................................................. 59
ARt. 26: Jaarverslagen ........................................................................................................................ 59
Art. 27; Controle ter plaatse ............................................................................................................... 60
Art. 28: Niet-naleving van besluiten en arresten ............................................................................... 60
2.2.11. Hoofdstuk 10: Samenwerking met de nationale rechterlijke instanties ..................................... 60
Art. 29: Samenwerking met de nationale rechterlijke instnaties ....................................................... 61
2.2.12. Hoofdstuk 11: Gemeenschappelijke bepalingen ........................................................................ 61
Art. 30: GEheimhoudingsplicht........................................................................................................... 61
Art. 31: Adresstaten van besluiten ..................................................................................................... 61
Art. 32: Bekendmaking van besluiten................................................................................................. 61
Art. 33: Uitvoeringsbepalingen........................................................................................................... 62
Art. 34: Raadpleging van het Adviescomité inzake overheidssteun ................................................... 62
Art. 36: inwerkingtreding ................................................................................................................... 62
3. Uitvoeringsverordening (794/2004) ............................................................................................................ 63
3.1. Hoofdstukken ....................................................................................................................................... 63
3.2. Bespreking van de artikels (zie reader) ................................................................................................ 63
3.2.1. Hoofdstuk 1: Voorwerp en toepassingsgebied ............................................................................. 63
ARt. 1: Voorwerp en toepassingsgebied ............................................................................................ 63
3.2.2. Hoofdstuk 2: Aanmeldingen ......................................................................................................... 63
Art. 2: Aanmeldingsformulieren ......................................................................................................... 63
Art. 3: Toezending van de aanmelding ............................................................................................... 64
Art. 4: Vereenvoudigde aanmeldingsprocedure voor bepaalde wijzigingen in bestaande steun ...... 64
3.2.3. Hoofdstuk 5bis: De afhandeling van klachten .............................................................................. 65
ArT. 11bis: Ontvankelijkheid van klachten ......................................................................................... 65
4. Machtigingsverordening van de Raad (2015/1588) .................................................................................... 65
4.1. OVerwegingen ...................................................................................................................................... 65
4.2. Bespreking van de artikels (zie reader) ................................................................................................ 66
Art. 1: Groepsvrijstellingen ................................................................................................................. 66
Art. 2: De minimis ............................................................................................................................... 66
Art. 6: Horen van belanghebbenden .................................................................................................. 66
Art. 7: Adviescomité inzake overheidssteun ...................................................................................... 66
Art. 8: Raadpleging van het Adviescomité.......................................................................................... 66
5. Algemene de minimis-Verordening (1407/2013)......................................................................................... 66
5.1. Overwegingen ...................................................................................................................................... 67
5.2. Bespreking van de artikels (zie reader) ................................................................................................ 67
Art. 1: Toepassingsgebied .................................................................................................................. 67
Art. 3: De minimis-steun ..................................................................................................................... 67
6. Algemene Groepsvrijstellingsverordening (651/2014) ................................................................................ 67
6.1. Hoofdstukken ....................................................................................................................................... 67
6.2. Bespreking van de artikels ................................................................................................................... 68
6.2.1. Hoofdstuk 1: Gemeenschappelijke bepalingen ............................................................................ 68
Art. 1: Toepassingsgebied .................................................................................................................. 68


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