Summary
Summary BHCS2005 Clinical Haematology and Biochemistry - Methods in Haematology
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An overview of the methods in haematology aspect of the BHCS2005 module at the university of Plymouth.
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Methods In HaematologyFull Blood Count
Automated analysers detect
o Number and size of RBCs, WBCs and platelets
o Haemoglobin concentration
o Haematocrit
Values
Red cell count
o Male - 4.5-6.5 x 10^12/L
o Female - 3.9-5.6 x 10^12/L
Haemoglobin
o Male - 13.5-18 g/dL
o Female - 11.5-16 g/dL
White cell count
Haematocrit
Haematocrit is the packed cell volume
o 40-52% in males
o 38-48% in females
Mean corpuscular haemoglobin
o The amount of oxygen carrying haemoglobin inside RBCs
Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
o Concentration of haemoglobin per RBC
Red cell distribution width
o Variation in size of RBCs
Inflammatory Tests
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
, o Non-specific test for inflammation
o Increased fibrinogen with inflammation makes RBCs sticky and
sediment faster
o Inexpensive, quick and simple
o Affected by a variety of factors
C-reactive protein
o Acute inflammatory response
o Most rapid response
o Wide reference
o Expensive
Blood Smear
Performed manually to detect size, number and type of cells
Additional test to ESR
Giemsa stain used to detect morphology of granulocytes and platelets
Automated Analysers
Spectrophotometry
o Measures haemoglobin concentration by converting to
cyanmethemoglobin and measuring absorbance at 540nm
Impedance
o Measures cell size and number for RBC, WBC, platelets and mean
cell volume
Flow cytometric analysers
o Detect cell shape, size, granularity and epitopes
o Individual cells are passed through a laser beam
o Forward scatter for size, side scatter for complexity
o Automatic count cells within known regions
Flow cytometry gating
o One parameter
Cell count and measurement of fluorescence
o Two parameter
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