A complete summary for the Progress Test. Summary is made on the basisof all the bigger topics (communication, HRM, law, marketing, people profit planet, personal professional development, research and tourism management). also, it includes all the parts of business economics.
Communicaton – 20 questons..............................................................................................................2
Human resource management – 20 questons.....................................................................................12
Law – 5 questons.................................................................................................................................18
Marketng – 15 questons.....................................................................................................................20
People planet proft – 15 questons......................................................................................................23
Personal professional development – 5 questons...............................................................................26
Research – 20 questons.......................................................................................................................30
Tourism management – 70 questons..................................................................................................36
Business economics – 30 questons......................................................................................................57
Business economics 1.......................................................................................................................57
Business economics 2.......................................................................................................................64
Business economics 3.......................................................................................................................66
Business economics 4.......................................................................................................................75
1
,Communication – 20 questions
Hunsaker – General skills
The four general skills areas are:
1. Conceptual skills - The ability to analyse and diagnose complex situatons. These skills allow
managers to see how things ft together and facilitate making good decisions.
2. Technical skills - The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertse.
3. Interpersonal skills - The ability to work with, understand, and motvate other people, both
individually and in groups.
4. Politcal skills - The ability to enhance one’s positon, build a power base, and establish the
right connectons. Managers with good politcal skills tend to be beter at getng resources
for their group than managers with poor politcal skills. They receive high evaluatons and get
more promotons.
Hunsaker - Specifc skills
Research has identfed six sets of behaviours that explain more than half of a manager’s
effectveness. They can be classifed into the following general skills categories:
1. Controlling the organizaton’s environment and its resources
2. Organizing and coordinatng
3. Handling informaton
4. Providing for growth and development
5. Motvatng employees and handling conflicts
6. Strategic problem solving
Coaching and counselling
In coaching, managers pass along advice and informaton, or they set standards to help others
improve their work skills. In counseling, managers help others recognize and address problems
involving their level of understanding, emotons, or personalites. Thus, coaching focuses on abilites,
counseling on attudes (Wheton and Cameron)
2
, Effectve listening
Effectve listening is actve rather than passive. Actve listening requires you to empathize with
speakers so that you can understand the communicaton from their point of view. Actve listening
has four essental requirements. You need to listen with (1) intensity, (2) empathy, (3) acceptance
and (4) a willingness to take responsibility for completeness (Rogers and Farson,1976)
Techniques for effectve listening
- Be motvated
- Make eye contact
- Show interest
- Avoid distractng actons
- Empathy
- Take in the whole picture
- Ask questons
- Paraphrase
- Don’t interrupt
- Integrate what’s being said
- Don’t overtalk
- Confront your biases
- Make smooth transitons between speaker and listener
- Be natural
The required skills for managerial competence
By integratng these specifc skills and the general skills into the functons of management, 17 skills
that are vital to managerial success can be identfed. Those 17 skills are also the primary categories
of the 41 skills. Examples:
- Self-awareness skills - planning and control skills
- Knowing yourself - planning and goal setng
- Developing yourself - evaluatng performance
- Self-directed career planning - creatve problem solving
- General integratve skills - managing conflict
- Interpersonal communicatng - organizing skills
- Valuing diversity - designing work
3
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