ABCP Board Review Questions With Correct Answers

The major cation found in extracellular fluid is? a) K+ b) Ca++ c) Mg++ d) Na+ - Answer d) Na+ Oxygen delivery will be decreased when a low venous oxygen tension and high venous oxyhemoglobin saturation are present due to: a) increase in P50 b) decrease in P50 c) metabolic alkalosis d) metabolic acidosis - Answer c) metabolic alkalosis At a given PO2, increasing PCO2 results in: a) more O2 bound to the hemoglobin b) less O2 bound to hemoglobin c) no effect on amt of O2 bound to hemoglobin d) decrease in P50 - Answer b) less O2 bound to the hemoglobin A sample of blood cooled from 37'C will undergo which change? a) CO2 becomes more soluble and PaCO2 decreases b) CO2 becomes less soluble and pH decreases c) CO solubility does not change, bicarbonate increases d) CO2 solubility increases and base excess decreases - Answer a) CO2 becomes more soluble and PaCO2 decreases In 85-95% of patients, the circumflex artery supplies the: a) lateral aspect of left ventricle b) entire posterior surface of left ventricle c) posterior ventricular septum d) anterior medial papillary muscle - Answer a) the lateral aspect of left ventricle A characteristic of leukocytes is that they are : a) smaller than erythrocytes b) larger than platelets c) uniform in shape d) 700-1200/ml of blood - Answer b) larger than platelets The main function of an enzyme is to: a) increase the rate of a biochemical reaction b) initiate a biochemical reaction c) act as a substrate for a biochemical reaction d) alter the equilibrium of biochemical reaction - Answer a) increase the rate of biochemical reaction Which of the following is not a normal route for blood return directly to the interior of the heart? a) coronary sinus b) Thebesian veins c) pulmonary veins d) bronchial veins - Answer d) bronchial veins The effect of calcium channel-blocking drugs is: a) marked decrease in transmembrane calcium current b) increase in smooth muscle response c) to allow for consistent depolarization of cardiac cells d) increase in cardiac muscle response - Answer a) marked decrease in transmembrane calcium current Calan (verapamil) is indicated for which of the following: a) HTN refractory to high doses of beta-adrenergic block agents b) presence of sick sinus syndrome and/ or heart block c) a-fib with rapid ventricular response d) cardiogenic shock induced by coronary artery spasm - Answer c) atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response The cardiovascular effect of Inocor (amrinone) include: a) increased systemic vascular resistance b) decreased pulmonary artery pressure c) increased LVEDP d) decreased myocardial oxygen consumption - Answer b) decreased pulmonary vascular resistance Which of the following anesthetic agents has the shortest duration of action? a) Sublimaze (fentanyl) b) Ativan (lorazepam) c) Diprivan (propofol) d) Sufenta (sufentanyl) - Answer c) Dipravan (propofol) Which of the following effects does NOT occur w/ morphine sulfate? a) increased peripheral vascular resistance b) decreased myocardial O2 consumption c) analgesia d) urinary retention - Answer a) increased peripheral vascular resistance Which of the following drugs increase the tolerance of the brain to global ischemia when administered prior to ischemic episode? a) dextrose 50% b) Dilantin (phenytoin) c) Mannitol d) Pentothal (thiopental) - Answer d) Pentothal (thiopenthal) Digitalis preparations are most commonly used to: a) increase myocardial contractility and control atrial arrhythmias b) increase SVR resistance and control ventricular arrhythmias c) increase pre-load and control ventricular heart rate d) prevent left atrial thrombus formation and embolization - Answer a) increase myocardial contractility and control atrial arrhythmias The most common site of traumatic aortic disruption due to deceleration injury is: a) bwt left carotid and left subclavian arteries b) at origin of left subclavian artery c) btw left subclavian artery and ligamentum arteriosum d) just distal to the ligamentum arteriosum - Answer c) btw the left subclavian artery and the ligamentum arteriosus Obstruction of blood flow through mitral valve would most likely be caused by a: a) left atrial myxama b) left ventricular tumor c) septal infarct d) ruptured chordae tendinae - Answer a) left atrial myxoma Atrial myxomas are primarily located: a) intracavitary b) intramural c) intraseptal d) intramuscular - Answer c) intraseptal Reduced coronary blood flow can result in: a) increased synthesis of ATP b) deactivation of calcium lipases c) elevation of creatinine phosphokinate CPK-MB d) sequestration of calcium into ther sarcoplasmic reticulum - Answer c) elevation of CPK-MB Myocardial stunning can be defined as : a) myocardial injury due to excessive intracellular accumulation of Ca++ b) post ischemic contractile dysfunction in the absence of morphological injury or necrosis c) irreversible manifested as myocellular necrosis following CA occlusion d) myocardial injury due to generation of oxygen free radicals and radical metabolites from molecular oxygen. - Answer b) post ischemic contractile dysfunction in the absence of morphological injury or necrosis Which condition is characterized by cardiac enlargement and impaired systolic function of one or both ventricles? a) dilated cardiomyopathy b) ischemic cardiomyopathy c) restrictive cardiomyopathy d) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Answer a) dilated cardiomyopathy Ventricular septal rupture in adults is most often the result of : a) right to left shunt b) A-V canal c) myocardial infarction d) congenital abnormality - Answer c) Myocardial infarction Myocardial infarction is defined as: a) local tissue death b) coronary artery thrombus c) atherosclerotic heart disease d) local tissue ischemia - Answer a) local tissue death The tissue in a ventricular aneurysm is composed of: a) thickened, akinetic myocardium b) thinned myocardium exhibiting paradoxical systolic expansion c) fully calcified dyskinetic scar tissue d) thinned, fibrous endocardium - Answer b) thinned myocardium exhibiting paradoxical systolic expansion The most frequent cause of cardiogenic shock is: a) papillary muscle rupture b) left ventricular infarction c) pulmonary embolism d) ventricular dysrhythmias - Answer b) left ventricular infarction Which test is the most accurate enzymatic measurement for the diagnosis of MI? a) serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase b) serum glutamic pyruvate transminase c) creatine kinase -MB d) lactic dehydrogenase - Answer c) creatine-MB