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Summary SubCellular Organelles
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SUBCELLULAR ORGANELLESGENERAL BIOLOGY
Endosymbiotic Theory
- Double membrane of mitochondria & chloroplasts
- Large eukaryotic cell engulfed prokaryote
- Mitochondria & chloroplasts have their own genetic material
- Result of invagination
Nucleus
Parts of the nucleus:
● Nuclear pores permit the passage of ribosomal
subunits and mRNA out of the nucleus into the
cytoplasm.
● Nucleoplasm is the semifluid matrix.
● Nuclear envelope separates the nucleus from the
cytoplasm
● Nuclear pores permit the passage of ribosomal
subunits and mRNA out of the nucleus into the
cytoplasm.
Ribosome
Function of the Ribosomes:
● Ribosomes are the organelles that use instructions
from the nucleus, written in mRNA, to build proteins.
Free and Bound Ribosomes:
● Free ribosomes are found in the cytosol.
● Bound ribosomes are attached to the outside of
the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope.
, The Endomembrane System:
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Two Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum
● Rough ER have thousands of ribosomes attached to
the outer surface which give this organelle a
“rough” appearance. Their main role is to produce
proteins.
● Smooth ER does not have attached ribosomes.
This organelle produces lipids.
Two Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum
● Rough ER have thousands of ribosomes attached to the outer surface which give this organelle
a “rough” appearance. Their main role is to produce proteins.
● Smooth ER does not have attached ribosomes. This organelle produces lipids.
Golgi Bodies
Function of the Golgi Bodies
● These serve functions similar to a warehouse and
processing center, processing products of the ER.
Lysosomes
Function of the Lysosomes
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