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Samenvatting oncologie les 4
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Samenvatting oncologie les 4 - Tumour Suppressor Genes and DNA repair
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Samenvatting celbiologie les 1 en 2 (H5/7)
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Oncologie Les 4 Knowing what tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) are.
Tumor suppressor gen zorgt voor de remming van de celdeling.
TSGs prevent the formaton of tumours.
TGSs ”police” the regulaton of the cell cycle and ensure precise DNA replicaton.
In the past, TGS were called “antioncogenes”.
TGGs are stop signs to uncontrolled growth and can inhibit the cell cycle, trigger
apoptosis and promote diferentaton.
Understanding how TSGs can be lost or inactvated.
So what has happened with them in tumours? Mutatons, loss of heterozygosity,
familial inheritance.
Makkelijker om een gen te inactveren dan hyper actveren (denk aan een Non sense
mutate en Frameshift mutate).
Knowing and being able to describe how TSGs inactvaton contributes to carcinogenesis.
Doordat TSGs worden geinactveerd zit erg een ‘rem’ meer op de celdeling, hierdoor kan de
cel ongeremd doordelen en ontstaat er kanker.
Knowing the diference between familial and sporadic cancers.
Cancer can be sporadic (toevallig) or familial/hereditairy.
Familial means that there is a relaton of inherited risk.
Sporadic means a ‘new’ cancer, no signs of inheritance (also called ‘de novo’).
, Understanding how loss of heterozygosity can originate, and how it can contribute to cancer
development.
Other mechanisms for Loss of the 2nd copy of a TSG:
Mutatonn; twoihit hypothesis
Bilateral = beide ogen, dus kans groter dat je een tweede foutje erbij krijgt. Omdat je er al
eentje hebt.
Unilateral = eenzijdig, dus in één oog, dus twee mutates in het Rb gene nodig om in beide
ogen een retnoblasts te krijgen. (p.s. unilateral weet ik niet zeker of ik het zo goed heb
uitgelegd, miss heb jij dit in je aantekeningen beter staan?)
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH)
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