IB SEHS OPTION D1 VERIFIED ANSWERS

IB SEHS OPTION D1 VERIFIED ANSWERS Outline of principle components of the digestive system ️Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Pancreas Liver Gall bladder Mouth (Digestion) ️Mechanical and chemical digestion Esophagus (Digestion) ️Peristalis action Stomach (Digestion) ️Rugae, Lumen, mucous coating Small intestine (Digestion) ️Villi and Microvilli Large intestine (Digestion) ️Water balance and vitamin absorption Pancreas (Digestion) ️Production of enzymes Liver (Digestion) ️Production of bile Gall bladder (Digestion) ️Storage of bile Ph level in the moth ️5.5 to 7.5 Ph level in the stomach ️1.0 to less than 4.0 Ph level in small intestine ️6.0 to 8.0 Enzymes in digestion ️Highly specific protein catalyst that aid the breakdown of large food molecules into smaller substances which can then be absorbed by the gut or the small intestine What speeds up the rate of digestion? ️Enzymes Different enzymes ️Aid with the increase rate of digestion of only one substance. Enzymes are produced ️In the various places in the digestive tract such as: Salivary glands Tongue Stomach Pancreatic juice Small intestine Enzyme activity ️Increases with temperature until 37 degrees (normal body temperature) and enzyme activity decreases above abnormal body temperature Ph and enzymes ️Most enzymes have an optimum PH Hence the various Ph levels in the digestive system Carbohydrate enzymes ️Salivary amylase and Pancreatic amylase Fat enzymes ️Pnacreatic lipase and Bile Protein enzymes ️Pepsin and Trypsin From the intestinal lumen ️Small broken substances cross the brush-border membrane of the intestine cells Carbohydrates are absorbed into the capillary network as ️Monosacherides