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Critical Care Paramedic Exam With A+ Graded Answers Latest Update

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Critical Care Paramedic Exam Normal pH 7.35-7.45 Normal CO2 35-45 Normal HCO3 22-26 (good dating age) Normal PaO2 80-100 Normal SaO2 > 95% Base (deficit/excess) (-2) - (+2) Buffer systems: Bicarb reaction time seconds Buffer systems: Lungs reaction time...

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  • April 20, 2024
  • 17
  • 2023/2024
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Critical Care Paramedic Exam
Normal pH
7.35-7.45


Normal CO2
35-45


Normal HCO3
22-26 (good dating age)


Normal PaO2
80-100


Normal SaO2
> 95%


Base (deficit/excess)
(-2) - (+2)


Buffer systems: Bicarb reaction time
seconds


Buffer systems: Lungs reaction time
minutes


Buffer systems: Kidneys reaction time
hours to days


Minute volume calculation
Tidal volume x respiratory rate


pCO2 >45
acidotic


pCO2 <35
alkalotic


HCO3 <22
acidotic


HCO3 >26
alkalotic

,base deficit of < -4
indicator for the potential need for blood transfusion


base deficit of < -19
indicates poor outcome (death likely)


base deficit replacement formula
0.1 x (-BE) x patient weight in kg = bicarb needed


PO2 of 60 is roughly equivalent to a SaO2 of
90%


critical pH for intubation
< 7.2


critical pCO2 for intubation
> 55


critical pO2 for intubation
< 60


number one cause of metabolic acidosis
lactic acidosis (lactate > 4)


CO2 is a byproduct of
metabolism


for every __ change in ETCO2, you should expect the pH to change __ in the ___________ direction.
10, 0.08, opposite


for every __ change in pH, you should expect the HCO3 to change __ in the ___________ direction.
0.15, 10, same


for every __ change in pH, you should expect the potassium to change __ in the ___________
direction.
0.10, 0.6, opposite


LEMON
difficult intubation
look, evaluate (3-3-2), mallampati, obstructions, neck mobility


HEAVEN
difficult intubation

, Hypoxia, extremes of size, anatomic challenges, vomit/blood/fluid, exsanguination, neck mobility
issues


ramping
ear to sternal notch


without ramping during intubation or transport causes a potential for
decrease in functional reserve capacity, tidal volume, and preload


Sellick's maneuver and BURP
no longer recommended


External laryngeal manipulation (ELM)
current standard of practice


bougie adult size
15 Fr


bougie pediatric size
10 Fr


bougie neonatal size
6 Fr


supraglottic devices
provide little protection against aspiration


ETT cuff pressure
20-30 mmHg (25 is standard)


gold standard of confirming ET placement
chest X-Ray


distal tip of ET
2-3 cm (1 inch) above carina, at T3 or T4


7 p's for RSI success
preparation, preoxygenation, pretreatment, paralysis with induction, protect/position, placement
(with proof), post intubation management


LOAD
pretreatment for RSI
lidocaine, opiates, atropine (infants), defasiculating dose

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