weaning - ANSWER--the addition of adding other foods to a diet, but
not completely stopping or ceasing breastfeeding
when did breastfeeding rates start to initially decline (i.e. in Britain),
particularly among the wealthy population? - ANSWER--16th-17th
century and through the 18th century
which month did women historically think was the most important to
breastfeed during? - ANSWER--the summer (due to food spoilage)
what three ingredients made up the first commercial formula? (early
1800's/19th century) - ANSWER---wheat flour
-cows milk
-sugar
what was, and still is today, one of the biggest reasons why mothers quit
breastfeeding? - ANSWER--mothers report not producing enough milk
when did bottle feeding become the "new norm", thus, causing
breastfeeding rates to continue to decline? - ANSWER--20th century
(particularly, mid 1900's) (1950's-1970's)
what is the WHO code? - ANSWER--an attempt to prevent excessive
marketing of ABM (artificial baby milk) and to bring awareness of
benefits of breastfeeding (although this code is not law in many
countries as it interferes with marketing & freedom)
*breastfeeding education to pubic is critical!*
what are some other breastfeeding barriers mothers have? - ANSWER---
sexual vs functional aspects of breasts
-women in the workplace
-"im not producing enough milk"
-lack of support from medical profession
where are the breasts specifically located on the body? - ANSWER---
between 2nd & 6th rib
-from sternum to mid axillary line
-only gland in not fully functioning at birth
*may contain hair, sweat, and oil glands
hypoplastic breasts - ANSWER---insufficient glandular tissues
-usually only extend from 3rd to 5th rib
-typically have more spacing between breasts (1.5 inches or more)
montgomery glands/tubercles - ANSWER--"small bumps" located
around areola that become more prominent (hypertrophy) during
pregnancy & are thought to secrete substance during pregnancy/lactation
& contain scent glands to help guide infant to nipple, while also helping
kill pathogens that try to enter the body
areola - ANSWER--vary in shape & color; usually circular; become
darker during pregnancy and do not return to pre-pregnancy color
nipple - ANSWER--contain smooth muscle fibers for erectness and
graspability; normally found at 4th intercostal space that typically
contain between 4-18 openings (9 on average) for milk to be expressed
through during lactation
nipple/areola complex - ANSWER--thought of as one entity; both
elongate up to 2-3 times resting length during breastfeeding;
areola = most sensitive part of breast
nipples = least sensitive
everted nipples - ANSWER--most common type of nipples; protrudes
slightly at rest & everts well with stimulation
flat nipples - ANSWER--soft, but pliable & graspable
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