AIR METHODS CC Paramedic Exam Questions and Answers

AIR METHODS CC Paramedic Exam Questions and Answers ABG - PH 7.35-7.45 mm HG ABG - PaCO2 range 35-45 mm HG ABG - PA02 80-100mm HG ABG - BE -2 - 3 MeQ/L CBC: Hemoglobin (Hgb) - what is the normal range? Normal Value: 14-17.5 G /DL CBC: Hemoglobin (Hgb) - what do high and low values indicate? High value = smoking? Low value = anemia or blood loss? CBC: Hematocrit - what is the normal range? Normal value = 41-50% CBC: Hematocrit - what do high and low values indicate? High value = dehydrated? Low value = anemia or blood loss? CBC: WBC - what is the normal range? Normal value = CBC: WBC - what do high and low values indicate? High value = infection, anemia, steroid use Low value = viral infection or immunodeficiency CBC: RBC - what is the normal range? Normal value = 3.9-5.5 million mm3 CBC: RBC - what do high and low values indicate? High value = polycythemia or high altitude Low value = cancer or bone marrow suppression Coags: PT - what does it measure & how long? Coumadin anticoagulation 10-13 second Coags: PT - what do high values indicate? High values can indicate liver cirrohsis, vitamin K deficiency or DIC Coags: INR International normalized ratio. Normal INR = 1.0. Coags: aPTT - what does it measure & how long? Measures Heparin 25-40 second OB: What are some physiological changes which occur in pregnancy? -Blood volume increases 40% -Plasma increases, showing false anemia on labs -BP decreases in 2nd trimester, but returns to normal -Cardiac output increases, up to 50% -HR increases 10-15 bpm -SBP increases -Body becomes more insulin resistant -Uterus enlarges 20x OB: Physical assessment of pregnant patient Palpate / Check vitals / Check FHT / Ask GP-PAL OB: What is GP-PAL Gravida, Para, Preterms, Abortion, Living children OB: Tx for distressed fetus? 100% O2 via NRB on mother; place in LLR; give fluids for hypotension and perform external vaginal exam OB: Vaginal bleeding - caused by? Ovarian cysts, spotting, fetal loss, ectopic pregnancy or uterine rupture OB: Vaginal bleeding - TX? O2/IV/Monitor Manage blood loss Blood products Tx for shock Monitor FHT OB: Gestational hypertension - TX? Treat with: -Beta Blockers like Labetalol -Arterial vasodilators like Hydrolozine -Consider seizure prophylaxis like 4G Mag over 20 min OB: Pre-eclampsia - S/S & TX? S/S = HTN with edema, neuro changes and clonus TX = -Beta Blockers like Labetalol -Arterial vasodilators like Hydrolozine -Consider seizure prophylaxis like 4G Mag over 20 min (Delivery is only option to stop condition) OB: Pre-eclampsia - severe S/S? BP 160/100 Pulmonary edema Platelets under 100k Headache/ vision changes RUQ pain Proteins in urine OB: Eclampsia - S/S & TX? S/S - HTN with seizures TX - Magnesium -4G bolus over 2 minutes; 2G Mag bolus if already administered. Consider Midazolam (2-5mg IM) if seizure continues OB: Placenta Previa - S/S? Painless, bright red bleeding No significant findings on abdomen exam OB: Abruptio Placentae - S/S & TX? Caused by Trauma, HTN, ETOH/drugs S/S = tearing, abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding. In severe cases, hemorrhagic shock and rigid abdomen TX = 100% O2 NRB, 2 IV's with volume replacement. Consider 4G Mag or steroid OB: Uterine Rupture - S/S and TX? S/S = sharp pain, hypovolemic chock, distention and possible bleeding TX = LLR, 100% O2, IV's and 4G Mag bolus OB: Prolapsed cord - TX Knees to chest, don't push, 100% O2, Keep cord moist, consider manual displacement if needed. Consider Nitro infusion of 2ug/min or 4G Mag bolus OB: Name the delivery presentations Cephalic, vertex - normal presentation Cephalic, face - head down, posterior, head not flexed Complete breech - feet first, indian style Incomplete breech - one foot presenting Transverse - (non deliverable) Butt first or sideways