Summary Notes on Anatomy and Physiology( ANAPHY) for Nursing Students. Anatomy and Physiology made easy for nursing students. Class Notes on Anatomy and Physiology for First Year Nursing Students. Study Guides for Human Anatomy and Physiology. A great guide for students studying nursing. A lecture ...
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS OF BONE ANATOMY
Foramen - hole in bone
Canal/Meatus - hole elongated into a tunnel like passage through bone
Fossa- depression in bone
Tubercle/Tuberosity - lump in bone
Process - projection from a bone
Condyle - smooth rounded end of bone where it forms an articulation
with another bone
AXIAL SKELETON
Includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
The part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and
trunk of a vertebrate.
SKULL
Consists of 22 bones:
8 forming the brain case
14 facial bones
Hyoid bone & Ossicles are associated with the skull.
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacral, 1 coccygeal
4 major curvatures
Defects: kyphosis, lordosis, & scoliosis
5 major functions
1. Supports weight of head & trunk
2. Protects spinal cord
3. Allows spinal nerves to exit the SC
4. Provides site for muscle attachment
5. Permits head & trunk movement
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN VERTEBRAE
Cervical: have transverse foramina
Thoracic: have long spinous processes & attachment sites for ribs
Lumbar: have rectangular transverse & spinous processes, position of
facets limit rotation
Sacrum: single fused bone
Coccyx: 4 or fewer fused vertebrae
THORACIC CAGE
Consists of thoracic vertebrae, ribs & sternum
Fxn: protects vital organs within the thorax, prevents collapse of
thorax during respiration
12 rib pairs: 7 true, 5 false
Sternum consists of manubrium, body and xiphoid process
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
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