ATI- Fluid, Electrolyte and acid-base
regulation, ATI Fluid, Electrolyte, and
Acid-Base Regulation
electrolytes
_____________________are responsible for the following functions within the body:
*Maintaining the balance of water in the body
*Balancing the blood pH (acid-base) level
*Moving nutrients into the cells
*Moving wastes out of the cells
*Maintaining proper function of the body's muscles, heart, nerves, and brain)
water
It is critical to maintain the balance of __________ in the body to prevent hypovolemia,
dehydration, tachycardia, tachypnea, confusion, headache, kidney stones, and numerous other
medical complications.
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Hypovalemia
decreased blood volume due to body fluid or blood loss
Serum osmolality
,___________ ____________ is the most frequently used laboratory indicator of the body's fluid
status. (expected range is 285 to 295 mOsm/kg)
urine
Osmolality can also be measured using ________and is used to determine renal function as
well as hydration status.(expected range for urine osmolality is 50 to 1,200 mOsm/kg)
Vasopressin
A hormone excreted by the hypothalamus in the brain that maintains blood pressure and fluid
volume. Also knows as antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
water reabsorption
when osmolality increases, the hypothalamus triggers the release of ADH from the posterior
pituitary. ADH acts on the kidnesys to increase ____________ _______________, decrease
urine excretion and increase fluid volume in the body
osmosis
The final mechanism used to maintain water balance is ___________, which allows for the
passive flow of water between the compartments of the body to maintain an equilibrium.
Potassium (K+) normal range
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Sodium (Na+) normal range
136-145 mEq/L
Calcium (Ca) normal range
9.0-10.5 mg/dL
Magnesium (Mg2+) normal range
1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Diffusion
the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration
, potassium
The most common cause of hypokalemia is loss of _______________from the kidneys or
gastrointestinal tract.
ECG
The client should be on continuous ________monitoring while receiving IV potassium. The
client's potassium lev
Hyperkalemia
excessive potassium in the blood
renal
most common cause of hyperkalemia is ________ failure
blood
Routine ____________ tests such as the BMP or CMP are used to measure potassium levels.
The provider may prescribe an ECG to determine if the level of potassium is affecting the
rhythm of the heart.
hemodialysis
If the elevated potassium level is due to renal failure, _______________ may be required. Other
treatment options for hyperkalemia include medications such as calcium gluconate and
diuretics.
resin
Medication taken to decrease potassium levels via bowel movements.
hemodialysis
Process of filtering waste from the blood using a machine.
sodium
Electrolyte that supports the function of nerves and muscles, maintains normal blood pressure,
and regulates fluid balance in the body
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