explain the rule of phosphoglucomutase in glucose catabolism - it can transform G1P -> G6P
during energy investment phase of glycolysis. It can also turn G6P -> G1P to begin the glycogenesis
pathway
glucose catabolism - if energy needs are met in the cell, G6P is converted to G1P catalyzed...
BIOL 215 Exam 3 explain the rule of phosphoglucomutase in glucose catabolism - it can transform G1P -> G6P during energy investment phase of glycolysis. It can also turn G6P -> G1P to begin the glycogenesis pathway glucose catabolism - if energy needs are met in the cell, G6P is converted to G1P catalyzed by phosphoglucomutase which triggers glycogenesis glycogenesis - the pathway that synthesizes glycogen as a result of excess glucose glycolysis - pathway that turns glucose to pyruvate for use in cellular resperation glycogenesis (cellular need) - pathway for glycogen synthesis. Only triggered when cellular needs are met glycogenolysis - pathway for glucogen catabolism when cells needs are NOT met AND no glucose is coming into the cell. Activation of glycogen phophorylase liberates G1P which is converted to G6P and is then catabolyzed via glycolysis describe the scenarios that would result in glycolyis compared to glycogenesis, and vice versa - the cell would use glycolysis when ATP production is less than or equal to the needs of the cell. When ATP production is too low, it will switch to glycogenesis to store the excess glucose thats coming into the cell. It stores the glucose as glycogen to us e later when the cell needs energy and no glucose in coming into the cell outline the general fate of food (protein, lipid, carbs) - all foods end up in Acytal CoA or pyruvate (then ACoA) for the krebs cycle. Proteins can go right to the krebs cycle as well. all of which end up in oxidative phosphorylation describe catabolism of triglycerides - hydrolysis to liberate glycerol and fatty acids where glycerol goes through glycolytic pathway and fatty acids get linked to CoA and metabolized via beta -oxidation describe beta -oxidation - Fatty acids are degraded in a series of repetitive cycles where each cycle removes 2 carbons at a time (removal of acetyl group) and continues until the FA is completely degraded. this cycle generates Acetyl CoA and reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. This p rocess occurs in the peroxisomes and mitochondria how many rounds does beta -oxidation take to finish - it takes as many as needed for all the beta carbons to be oxidized Explain why natural FAs would have an even number of carbons - to extract as much energy from the tail of the FA chain as possible and in an efficient manner explain why fats have more extractable energy - this is due to state of reduction. the more H a molecule contains, the more ATP that can be formed when molecule is oxidized. since they are considerably more reduced, there is more extractable H+/e - describe catabolism of proteins - called proteolysis, pathway catalyzed by various enzymes and depending on the type of amino acid. once complete, it is funneled through the various catabolic pathways (pyruvate, ACoA, etc) endoprotease - enzyme that breaks peptide bonds of nonterminal amino acids exoprotease - enzyme that breaks peptide bonds on the C - and N - terminus ends of amino acids Explain PKU - genetic disorder involving defect in metabolism of phenylalanine due to lack of enzyme (PAH) which causes of build up of phenylalanine that can cause CNS and brain damage why cant those with PKU consume aspartame - it is converted to phenylalanine which those with PKU cannot catabolyze what is the general eqn for photosynthesis - 2Co2 + 2H2A --> [CH2O] + 2A where 2H2A is e - donor that is oxidized and CH2O is the resulting carbohydrate
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