Antepartum: Pregnancy Development stages Questions and Complete answers 2023/2024

Antepartum: Pregnancy Development stages Questions and Complete answers 2023/2024 Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy - correct answer indications of pregnancy but no definite diagnosis of pregnancy can be made. *"Assume"* Amenorrhea N/V Breast Changes (tenderness; enlargement) Frequency and urgency of urination Uterine enlargement Fatigue Quickening - The moment in pregnancy when the pregnant woman starts to feel or perceive fetal movements in the uterus *However, this could mean something else.* - least reliable Probable Signs of Pregnancy - correct answer Strong evidence of pregnancy but no definite diagnosis of pregnancy can be made. Positive Pregnancy Test Goodell's sign - softening of the cervix Hegar's sign - softening of the lowest portion of the uterus Braxton Hicks - fake contractions Ballottement - cervix moves around Chadwick's sign - a bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia resulting from increased blood flow Growing abdomen - could be tumors; weight gain Abdominal striae (stretch marks) *"Probably"; More likely* HCG = could be tumors; molar pregnancy Positive Signs of Pregnancy - correct answer signs caused only by developing fetus Fetal heart beat - 6 to 7 weeks with sonogram; Doppler 10 to 12 weeks Fetal movement felt by examiner Visualization of fetus with ultrasound Uterus Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy - correct answer Braxton Hicks ctx; Hegar's Sign Expands gradually: Walls thin and capacity increases from 10 cc to *5000 cc* Growth from hyperplasia (increase in #) and hypertrophy (increase in size) of myometrial cells (muscular portion) Enters abdomen at end of 1st trimester (before 13 weeks is still in pelvis) At term reaches xiphoid process = 38-40 weeks *Fundus is top part of uterus = top of light bulb* *Lowers 1-2 weeks before delivery* Cervix Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy - correct answer *Goodell's sign* (6-8 weeks): softening of cervix *Chadwick's Sign*: bluish coloration Vagina Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy - correct answer Increased estrogen leads to increased vascularity Secretions become more acidic and white *(leukorrhea)* *Itching and fowl smelling = not good* - (REDA and COCHA signs of infection) Good hygiene is crucial Breasts Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy - correct answer Tissue hyperplasia - grow in number and grow in size Areola darkens Nipples enlarge and become more erect *Tender; stretch marks; colostrum (Comes in the last trimester to lubricate breast tissue; dark yellow, high in minerals and antibodies; the baby drinks it the first few days)*