BIOS 195BIOS 195 MIDTERM EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

2024 BIOS 195BIOS 195 MIDTERM EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS BIOS 195BIOS 195 MIDTERM EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS (TCO2) Which of the following is a common second messenger used in signaling pathways active bywater-soluble hormones? – RIGHT -CAMP (TCO2) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin are secreted from the RIGHT -posterior pituitary gland. (TCO2) Calcitonin is a hormone released by the parafollicular cells of the RIGHT -thyroid gland. (TCO2) Which of the following hormones is or are responsible for the fight-or- flight response? RIGHT - Both epinephrine and norepinephrine (TCO2) The cells in the pancreatic islets that secrete insulin are RIGHT - beta cells. (TCO2) Cushing's syndrome is due to hypersecretion of RIGHT - glucocorticoids. (TCO2) Which of the following pituitary hormones controls adrenal cortex activities? RIGHT - ACTH (TCO2) Sally is 10 years old and has just been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Her grandmother (who is65 years old) has also been diagnosed with diabetes. Sally is having a hard time understanding why she needs injections whereas her grandmother is able to control her diabetes with just diet and oral medication. Explain to Sally why their treatments are different based upon cellular and glandular differences in their two conditions. RIGHT - Sally has Type I diabetes that is due to an autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the islet of Langerhans cells in the pancreas. The beta cells secrete insulin, which is needed for entry of glucose intomost body cells. Because of this, Sally's body uses fatty acids that lead to the production of ketone bodiesthat leads to a drop in blood pH (ketoacidosis) that can cause death. In contrast, her grandmother has Type II diabetes that is usually due to excess weight. Her pancreas is intact and probably still secretes insulin but her body cells are less sensitive to the insulin. For the most part, this form is controlled with diet and occasional medications (Diabeta) to stimulate the beta cells of the pancreas. (TCO3) Describe the process of mitosis. When does DNA replication occur? RIGHT - (1) Prophase: the chromatin condenses and shortens into visible chromosomes, the nucleoli disappear, and the nuclear membrane breaks down. The mitotic spindle is formed during this stage of mitosis. (2) Metaphase: the chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate (equatorial plate). (3) Anaphase: the centromeres split, the sister chromatids separate, and each daughter chromosome moves toward the opposite poles of the cell. (3) Telophase: chromosomal movement stops, microtubules disappear, and a nuclear envelope reforms. DNA replication occurs during interphase (called S-phase). (TCO3) You exercise and your muscles generate excess heat. What are the major processes that are used by your body to eliminate this waste heat? RIGHT -Radiation, evaporation, convection, and conduction (TCO3) Explain the differences and similarities between true ribs, false ribs and floating ribs. RIGHT - True ribs have a direct anterior attachment to the sternum via costal cartilage. The costal cartilage of false ribs does not directly attach to the sternum, and floating ribs have no anterior attachment to the sternum at all. All three classes have direct posterior attachment to thoracic vertebrae. (TCO1) The level of organization in which different multiple types of tissues join together is called the RIGHT -System Level (TCO1) The process by which unspecialized cells become specialized cells is called RIGHT -differentiation. (TCO1) In a negative feedback control system, the response of the effector to a stimulus RIGHT -reverses the original stimulus (TCO1) Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback system in the human body? Lactation (TCO1) Baroreceptors in the feedback system that control blood pressure sense changes the force of blood as it presses against the walls of blood vessels.