BIO 210 -BIOD 210 MODULE 4 EXAM GENETICS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST 2O24

BIO 210 -BIOD 210 MODULE 4 EXAM GENETICS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST 2O24 1. Stroma: The large interior space that contains the enzymes needed to incorporate carbon dioxide into sugars during the carbonfixation stage of photosynthesis 2. Photosynthesis: the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use the energy of sunglight to drive the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water Chloroplast: Specialized organelle in algae and plants that contains chlorophyll and serves as the site for photosynthesis Thylakoid: A flattened membrane sac whose membranes contain the proteins and pigments that convert light energy into chemical bond energy during photosynthesis Grana: Stack of thylakoids Chlorophyll: Light-absorbing pigment that plays a central part in photosynthesis 7. Light Reactions: The set of reactions that converts the energy of sunlight into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH Photosystem: Large multiprotein complex containing chlorophyll that captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy; consists of a set of antenna complexes and a reaction center Antenna Complex: In chloroplasts and photosynthetic bacteria, the part of the membrane-bound photosystem that captures energy from sunlight; contains an array of proteins that bind hundreds of chlorophyll molecules and other photosensitive pigments Reaction Center: In photosynthetic membranes, a protein complex that contains a specialized pair of chlorophyll molecules that performs photochemical reactions to convert the energy of photons (light) into high-energy electrons for transport down the photosynthetic electron-transport chain Carbon Fixation: Process by which green plants and other photosynthetic organisms incorporate carbon atoms from atmospheric carbon dioxide into sugars. The second stage of photosynthesis. Cell Cycle: The orderly sequence of events by which a cell duplicates its contents and divides into two M Phase: Period of the eukaryotic cell cycle during which the nucleus and cytoplasm divide. Interphase: Long period of the cell cycle between one mitosis and the next. Includes G1, S, and G2 S Phase: Period during a eukaryotic cell cycle in which DNA is synthesized. G1 Phase: Gap 1 phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle; falls between the end of cytokinesis and the start of DNA synthesis. G2 Phase: Gap 2 phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle; falls between the end of DNA synthesis and the beginning of mitosis. 18 Cell-Cycle Control System: Network of regulatory proteins that govern the orderly progression of a eukaryotic cell through the stages of cell division. Cyclin