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samenvatting voeding voor zwangere vrouw
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samenvatting van slides en les van zwangere vrouw - lifecycle
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By: charcrb • 7 months ago
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Inhoudsopgave1. fysiologische veranderingen............................................................................................. 3
1.1 gewichtstoename...................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 hormonale veranderingen....................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 cardiovasculaire veranderingen............................................................................................................. 4
1.4 renale veranderingen.............................................................................................................................. 4
1.5 gastro-intestinale veranderingen........................................................................................................... 5
2. voedingsbehoeften macronutrienten................................................................................5
2.1 energiebehoefte........................................................................................................................................ 5
2.2 eiwitten.................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 vetten........................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.4 koolhydraten............................................................................................................................................ 7
2.5 vezels......................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.6 vocht......................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.7 overzicht................................................................................................................................................... 8
3. voedingsbehoeften vitaminen...........................................................................................8
3.1 foliumzuur (vit B11)................................................................................................................................. 8
3.2 vit D.......................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.3 vit A.......................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.4 overzicht................................................................................................................................................... 9
4. voedingsbehoeften mineralen.......................................................................................... 9
4.1 Calcium..................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.2 zink........................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.3 koper....................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.4 Natrium, chloor en kalium.................................................................................................................... 10
4.5 ijzer......................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.6 jodium..................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.7 overzicht.................................................................................................................................................. 11
5. praktische voedingsaanbevelingen..................................................................................11
6. zwangerschapsklachten..................................................................................................12
6.1 onvoorstelbare trek................................................................................................................................ 12
6.2ochtendmisselijkheid............................................................................................................................... 12
6.3 braken..................................................................................................................................................... 12
6.4 zure oprispingen.................................................................................................................................... 13
Pagina 1 van 19
, 6.5 constipatie.............................................................................................................................................. 13
6.6 bloedarmoede......................................................................................................................................... 13
6.7 hoge bloeddruk....................................................................................................................................... 13
7. zwangerschapsvergiftiging.............................................................................................. 14
7.1 symptomen.............................................................................................................................................. 14
7.2 oorzaak................................................................................................................................................... 14
7.3 risicogroepen.......................................................................................................................................... 14
7.4 gevolgen moeder.................................................................................................................................... 14
7.5 gevolgen kind......................................................................................................................................... 14
7.6 advies...................................................................................................................................................... 15
8. diabetes.......................................................................................................................... 15
8.1 algemeen................................................................................................................................................. 15
8.2zwangere vrouw met diabetes............................................................................................................... 15
9. zwangerschapsdiabetes................................................................................................... 15
9.1 algemeen................................................................................................................................................. 15
9.2 risicogroepen.......................................................................................................................................... 16
9.3 ontstaan.................................................................................................................................................. 16
9.4 wat na zwangerschap............................................................................................................................ 16
9.5 voedingsadvies....................................................................................................................................... 16
10. infectiegevaat en verwikkelingen..................................................................................16
10.1 cytomyalgie........................................................................................................................................... 16
10.2 toxoplasmose........................................................................................................................................ 17
10.3 listeriose................................................................................................................................................ 17
10.4 salmonella............................................................................................................................................ 18
10.5 rubella................................................................................................................................................... 18
11. schadelijke stoffen......................................................................................................... 19
VOEDING VAN DE ZWANGERE
VROUW
Pagina 2 van 19
, Zwangerschap
- Duurt 40 weken (begint te rekenen vanaf de 1e dag van de laatste menstruatie
- Lichaam ondergaat heel wat fysiologische veranderingen
- Invloed op voedingsinname en behoefte voedingsstoffen
=> optimale groei foetus verzekeren
1. FYSIOLOGISCHE VERANDERINGEN
1.1 GEWICHTSTOENAME
Ideale gewichtstoename = 20% LG (10-12 kg LG)
1ste trim (0-16 weken): + 1,5 kg
2e trim (16-28 weken): +3 kg
3e trim (28-40 weken): + 6 kg (laatste 10 weken ongeveer 0,5 kg/week)
Anders voor iedere vrouw, verschillen kunnen liggen aan misselijkheid/braken en vochtvasthouding
Vanaf 10-30 weken gewichtsstijging vooral door
- Toename BV
- Opslag vetweefsel
- Toename lichaamsvocht
Vanaf 30-40 weken gewichtsstijging vooral door
- Groei kind
- Groei placenta
- Groei baarmoeder
Samenstelling gemiddelde gewichtstoename
- Foetus -> 3,5 kg
- Placenta -> 0,5 kg
- Vruchtwater -> 0,6 kg
- Baarmoeder -> 1 kg
- Borsten -> 0,5 kg
- Bloedvolume -> 1,2 kg
- Lichaamsvocht -> 1,5 kg
- Vetreserve -> 2-3 kg (= voorraad branddstof, vooral voor de lactatie)
Een goede voedingstoestand en ideaal gewicht leiden tt een optimale ontwikkeling van
het kind
- Diëten tijdens zwangerschap afgeraden -> kind krijgt te weinig voedingsstoffen
- Ondergewicht tijdens zwangerschap -> risico vroeggeboorte en laag geboortegewicht
- Complicaties obese zwangere vrouwen
o Zwangerschapsdiabetes
o Hypertensiegerelateerde problemen
o Keizersnede
1.2 HORMONALE VERANDERINGEN
via hormonen ontstaat er tijdens de eerste 30 weken een anabole fase -> voedingsstoffen worden
opgeslagen
Pagina 3 van 19
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