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Samenvatting - Wijsbegeerte van het wetenschappelijk denken $9.13
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Samenvatting - Wijsbegeerte van het wetenschappelijk denken

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Dit document is een samenvatting van alle lessen van wijsbegeerte. Ik ben dankzij mijn samenvatting in 1 ste zit geslaagd. Ik heb na het maken van mijn samenvatting 3 dagen deze gestudeerd en dit was voldoende om te slagen!

Last document update: 1 month ago

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  • April 30, 2024
  • October 28, 2024
  • 60
  • 2023/2024
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Wijsbegeerte van het wetenschappelijk denken (gustaaf.cornelis@vub.be)


1. WAT IS WIJSBEGEERTE/FILOSOFIE:...............................................................................................3

2. OUDHEID (DEEL A):.......................................................................................................................3

2.1 THALES:......................................................................................................................................3
2.2. ANAXIMANDER:...........................................................................................................................5
2.3 ANAXIMENES:...............................................................................................................................6
2.4 PARMENIDES:...............................................................................................................................7
2.5 ZENO VAN ELEA:...........................................................................................................................9
2.6 EUBULIDES:................................................................................................................................10
2.7 PROTAGORAS:............................................................................................................................12
2.8 SOCRATES:.................................................................................................................................12
2.9 PLATO:......................................................................................................................................14
2.10 ARISTOTELES:...........................................................................................................................15

3. OUDHEID (DEEL B):.....................................................................................................................18

3.1 PYRRHO:...................................................................................................................................18
3.2 SEXTUS EMPIRICUS:.....................................................................................................................19
3.3 EUKLIDES:..................................................................................................................................21

4. MIDDELEEUWEN:........................................................................................................................24

4.1 AUGUSTINUS:.............................................................................................................................24
4.2 AHMAD IBN-RUHSD:....................................................................................................................26
4.3 THOMAS VAN AQUINO:................................................................................................................27
4.4. JOHN DUNS SCOTUS & WILLEM VAN OCKHAM:................................................................................29

5. RENAISSANCE EN VERLICHTING:.................................................................................................31

5.1 THOMAS MORE:.........................................................................................................................31
5.2 MICHEL DE MONTAIGNE:..............................................................................................................32
5.3 FRANCIS BACON:.........................................................................................................................33
5.4 GALILEO GALILEÏ:........................................................................................................................35
5.5 THOMAS HOBBES & RENÉ DESCARTES:............................................................................................36
5.6 ISAAC NEWTON:..........................................................................................................................38
5.7 GEORGE BERKELEY:......................................................................................................................40
5.8 DAVID HUME:............................................................................................................................42
5.9 IMMANUEL KANT:.......................................................................................................................45

6. 19DE EEUW:..................................................................................................................................49



1

,6.1 GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL & KARL MARX:...........................................................................49
6.2 SÖREN KIERKEGAARD:..................................................................................................................51
6.3 ERNST MACH:............................................................................................................................52
6.4 FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE:..................................................................................................................54
6.5 EDMUND HUSSERL:......................................................................................................................58

7. EERSTE HELFT 20STE EEUW:..........................................................................................................58

7.1 MARTIN HEIDEGGER:...................................................................................................................58




2

, 1. Wat is Wijsbegeerte/filosofie:

Etymologie= nagaan v/d geschiedenis v/e woord, hoe is men tot een woord gekomen

Filosoof= vriend van de kennis, het streven/beheren naar en van kennis
 Grieks: Philosophos
 Philos= vriend
 Sophos= wijsheid/kennis

Filosofie beschouwt alledaagse dingen:
 Verschijnselen van alledag
 Gedrag van mensen
 Kennis (van verschijnselen/gedrag)
 Heeft bijzondere technieken om hierachter te komen

We moeten nadenken/kritisch zijn over wat we weten:
 Wat zijn de verschijnselen?
 Waarom doe je wat je doet?
 Waar komt jouw kennis uiteindelijk vandaan?
 Hoe kwam die kennis tot stand?
 Welke redenen heb je om ze te vertrouwen?

Filosofische disciplines (kernvragen van Filosofie):
 Wat is werkelijk:
 Ontologie/metafysica/zijnsleer
 Vragen zoals:
- “Wat bestaat?”
- “Wat is tijd?”
- “Wat is vrijheid?”
 Hoe moeten we leven:
 Ethiek/moraalfilosofie
 Welke kennis is betrouwbaar:
 Epistemologie/kennisleer/wetenschapsfilosofie
 Wanneer is een redenering correct:
 Logica/argumentatie
 Waarom is iets mooi:
 Esthetica

Filosofie is complementair aan de wetenschappen:
 Antwoorden geven aanvulling op wat natuurkundige/psychologen/… vanuit hun
respectievelijke discipline denken

2. Oudheid (deel A):
2.1 Thales:




THALES:

3

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