MMSC490 Final Exam Questions with 100% Answers

MMSC490 Final Exam Questions with 100% Answers Humans possess about .............. different cell types. 100 200 500 1,000 - Answer️️ -200 In adult organisms, cell death must be balanced by cell growth. differentiation. renewal. migration. - Answer️️ -renewal The distinct series of changes that characterizes programmed cell death is called necrosis. apoptosis. sepsis. execution. - Answer️️ -apoptosis Cells that die as the result of acute injury undergo lysis. sepsis. apoptosis. execution. - Answer️️ -lysis Which of the following products would result from caspase cleavage of a protein with the amino acid sequence AVEELCSTWYYDLLCHMRTL AVEELCS + TWYYDLLCHMRTL AVEELCSTWYYD + LLCHMRTL AVEELCSTWYYDLLCH + MRTL AVEELC + STWYYDLLC + HMRTL - Answer️️ -AVEELCSTWYYD + LLCHMRTL The Bcl-2 family of proteins is divided into three functional groups that contain and share as many as four Bcl-2 homology domains (BH domains). Which of the following is common to all members of the Bcl-2 family? BH1 BH2 BH3 BH4 - Answer️️ -BH3 An apoptosome is a complex containing multiple subunits of Apaf-1. Apaf-1 and caspase-9. Apaf-1 and caspase-3. Apaf-1, caspase-9, and cytochrome c. - Answer️️ -D Effector caspases cleave nuclear lamins. cytoskeletal proteins. DNase inhibitor. All the above - Answer️️ -all of the above Many stimuli that trigger cell death release the molecule .............. from mitochondria to bind to Apaf-1. cytochrome c citric acid ubiquinone ATP synthase - Answer️️ -cytochrome c Members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins are all caspases. either antiapoptotic or proapoptotic. all antiapoptotic. all proapoptotic. - Answer️️ -either antiapoptotic or proapoptotic Grim and Reaper act by .............. the activity of .............. stimulating; inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) inhibiting; inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) inhibiting; apoptosomes inhibiting; caspase-3 - Answer️️ -b A major pathway that signals cell survival and inhibits cell death is the .............. pathway. PI 3-kinase/Akt Hedgehog TNF Wnt - Answer️️ -PI-3 kinase/Akt A hemoatopoietic stem cell may give rise to which of the following differentiated cells? Erythrocytes Macrophages Granulocytes All of the above - Answer️️ -all the above Which of the following signaling pathways is not important to stem cell physiology? Wnt Notch TGF-β Bax - Answer️️ -bax Most cells in adult animals are in the .............. stage of the cell cycle. G0 G1 G2 S - Answer️️ -G0 Fibroblasts are stimulated to exit G0 and proliferate by .............. growth factor. fibroblast platelet-derived epithelial stem cell - Answer️️ -platelet derived Which of the following adult cell types is arrested in G0? Fibroblasts Endothelial cells Liver cells All of the above - Answer️️ -all of the above VEGF is secreted by cells deprived of oxygen. injured endothelial cells. injured smooth muscle cells. platelets. - Answer️️ -cells deprived of oxygen Hematopoietic stem cells can give rise to erythrocytes. erythrocytes and lymphocytes. all blood cells and macrophages. all blood cells, macrophages, and skin cells. - Answer️️ -all blood cells and macrophages ntestinal stem cells may give rise to all of the following terminally differentiated cell types in the intestinal epithelium except .............. cells. absorptive epithelial goblet transit-amplifying enteroendocrine - Answer️️ -transit amplifying Intestinal epithelial stem cells are located .............. the crypt. at the top of at the bottom of at the sides of throughout - Answer️️ -the bottom When stem cells of the intestinal epithelium and epidermis divide, they give rise to two different cells: one stem cell and one .............. cell. goblet crypt G0 transit-amplifying - Answer️️ -transit amplifying Mouse embryonic stem cells can proliferate but remain undifferentiated in the presence of a growth factor called Dif. LIF. EGF. Wnt. - Answer️️ -LIF Of the offspring that result from the reproductive cloning of mammals by somatic nuclear transfer, ................. % are via