BIO 156 Exam 3 Questions With 100% Correct!!

What is the main purpose of the cell cycle? - To create 2 identical cells with same DNA and organelles. What are the stages of interphase? - G1, S, G2 What essentially happens during interphase? - Preparing for mitosis What happens in the G1 phase? - Recovery from previous division, cell grows, organelles double, accumulation of material for DNA synthesis What happens during the S phase? - DNA gets replicated, replication of chromatids What happens during G2 phase? - Synthesize proteins for mitosis What happens at the G1 check point? - p53 stopes cycle of DNA damaged What does p53 do? - Triggers apoptosis What is apoptosis? - Programmed cell death What does the G2 check point do? - Stops if DNA not properly replicated What does the M check point do? - Stops if chromosomes not properly attached Is apoptosis always bad? Why or why not? - No. Allows only a certain number of cells in the body, and prevents tumor/cancerWhat basically happens during the M phase? - Mitosis and cytokinesis What does cytokinesis mean? - Cytoplasm division What is a chromosome? - Highly coiled and condensed chromatids How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? - 23 pairs What are diploid cells? - all cells that are not sex cells If a cell is diploid what does that mean? - Two of each chromosomes present What are haploid cells? - All sex cells (sperm and egg) If a cell is haploid what does that mean? - Only one of each chromosome present What are the copied chromatids called? - Sister chromatids What is the function of a centromere? - Attach sister chromatids What is the function of a kinetochore? - mitotic spindles attach her to help separate chromosomes How does the cell prepare for mitosis? - Chromosomes and DNA duplicate, centrosomes also duplicate so there is a pair of centrioles How many states of mitosis are there? - 5 List the phases of mitosis: - prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophaseWhat happens in prophase? - Nucleus disappears, nuclear envelope disappears, spindles start to assemble, centrioles start to move to opposite sides What happens in pro metaphase? - Kinetochores develop, spindles attach, at opposite ends of the cell What happens in metaphase? - Duplicated chromosomes line up in the middle What happens in anaphase? - Sister chromatids pull apart and move away towards centrioles