NAVLE Study Set Exam With 100% Correct Answers

NAVLE Study Set Exam With 100% Correct Answers What is the most common cause of Horner's syndrome in dogs? A - Retrobulbar neoplasia B - Otitis media C - Neck bite wounds D - Brachial plexus avulsion E - Idiopathic - Answer️️ -E - Idiopathic, lack of sympathetic innervation to the eye When a foal is being treated with erythromycin (for Rhodococcus equi, for example), the mare is at risk of developing enterocolitis due to which one of the following organisms? A - Escherichia coli B - Rhodococcus equi C - Clostridium novyi D - Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) E - Lawsonia intracellularis (a.k.a. proliferative enteropathy) - Answer️️ -D - Clostridium dificile, associated with recent antimicrobial therapy A two-year-old Thoroughbred filly has a one-month history of poor race performance. She slows down markedly near the end of races with labored breathing, excessive swallowing, and a bilateral epistaxis which resolves with time. She coughs after exercise, but otherwise acts normal and has a good appetite. With the horse calm and well rested, no obvious abnormalities are visible on endoscopic exam. A transtracheal wash shows the following image. (alveolar macrophages containing hemosiderin). A - Prognosis is poor - suspect gastric ulcer reflux B - The horse should improve on antihistamines C - We need to biopsy for ethmoid hematoma D - This is a very common problem in Thoroughbreds E - This may be a case of bastard strangles - Answer️️ -D. This is a very common problem in Thoroughbreds. Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage A three-day-old female alpaca (cria) is presented in respiratory distress. The cria's cheeks flare noticeably during inspiration, and the distress is more pronounced during nursing, when the animal gasps and inhales milk. What is the most likely diagnosis? A - Lung lobe torsion B - Wry face C - Mitral stenosis D - Diaphragmatic hernia E - Choanal atresia - Answer️️ -E - Choanal atresia. Common in South American camelids. Caudal nares (choanae) fail to open during embryonic development. A six-year-old female spayed cocker spaniel is presented with a two-day history of lethargy. Upon physical exam, mucosal petechiae and ecchymoses and an ocular hemorrhage in the right eye are noted. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) testing are normal. A buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) is performed and is prolonged. Click the labwork icon to review hematology, blood chemistry, and urinalysis test results. Which one of the following diseases is the most likely diagnosis? A - Von Willebrand's disease B - Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity C - Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia D - Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) E - Hepatic insufficiency - Answer️️ -C - Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, lab shows low platelets, increased bleeding time. This is the most common cause of spontaneous bleeding in dogs. 2x as common in females. A rescued Pekin duck is presented for non-weight bearing lameness of the left pelvic limb and fever. Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis? A - Egg binding B - Panosteitis C - Bumblefoot D - Septic arthritis E - Normal radiographs - Answer️️ -D - Septic arthritis A five-year-old intact male Cocker Spaniel is presented after being hit by a car. Physical exam reveals severe lower back pain. The dog is ambulatory but too fractious to examine reflexes or conscious proprioception. The dog is sedated and carefully lateral radiographs are made of the lumbar spine. The radiograph is shown below (fracture of spinous processes) . What is your diagnosis? A - Herniated discs B - Hemivertebrae C - Spinal fracture D - Discospondylitis E - Cauda equina syndrome - Answer️️ -C - Spinal fracture A four-year-old stallion is presented with urine scald, fecal retention, tailhead rubbing, and a right head tilt. Rectal examination reveals atonia of the anus and rectum, however, no fracture is palpated. Which one of the following tests help provide evidence of the top differential diagnosis? A - Cervicothoracic spinal radiography B - Tibial muscle and nerve biopsies C - Immunoblot against DNA fragments from P. tenuis D - Antibodies against P2-myelin protein E - Search the pasture for yellow star thistle - Answer️️ -D - Antibodies against P2-myelin protein cauda equina signs PLUS cranial nerve signs = polyneuritis equi as top differential. Also rule out equine herpesvirus 1 and equine protozoal encephalomyelitis A one-year-old female llama is presented with hyperkeratosis a