CSU PSY 252 Exam #1 Questions With Complete Answers.

Wilhelm Wundt () - Answer-Made Psychology as independent discipline away from physiology - 1879 - 1st Successful formal psych lab - 1881 - 1st journal devoted to psych labs - new psych labs G. Stanley Hall () - Answer-American, was under Wilhelm Wundt - 1883 - 1st American lab @ John Hopkins - 1887 - 1st American psych journal - 1892 - American Psychiatric Association founded Structuralism - Answer-Edward Titchener (1892) - Task of psych is to analyze consciences to basic elements and analyze how those basic elements relate - Introspection - Careful, systematic self-observation of one's own conscious experience Functionalism - Answer-William James () - Psych should investigate the function/purpose of consciousness, rather than the structure - Shows how psych is embedded in a network of culture and intellectual influences - Natural Selection - Heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely to be passed on to other generations or "selected" over time - Psychologists should investigate the functions vs. structure of consciousness, consists of a continuous flow of thoughts - Stream of consciousness vs lab (how people adapt their behavior to the demands of the world Sigmund Freud () - Answer-Austrian psychologist came up with psychoanalysis - Psychoanalysis - explains personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on the unconscious - The unconscious - Contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness, but are a great influence on behaviorBehaviorism - Answer-John B. Watson () - Theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study observable behavior - Behavior reflects to any observable response or activity by an organism - S-R Psych (Simultaneous-response psych), using animals to study - Science of behavior B.F. Skinner () - Answer-Psych should only study observable behavior - working w/ lab rats and pigeons, organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to neutral or neg. consequences - Behavior is governed by external stimuli, Beyond Freedom & Dignity that free will is an illusion (controversial ideas, misunderstood) - Humanism became influential in the 1950's after behaviorism and psychoanalysis became unsatisfactory - Led by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers - emphasis on qualities of human behavior and humans Carl Rogers () - Answer-Humanistic psychologist - agreed with the main assumptions of Abraham Maslow, - For a person to "grow", they need: - an environment that provides them with genuineness (openness and self-disclosure) - acceptance (being seen with unconditional positive regard) - empathy (being listened to and understood) Understand techniques to improve study habits - Answer-SQ3R: - Survey - read like a book (don't highlight) - Question - Break down concepts (write question MC for the topic) - Read - Read at end and have it make sense - Rehearse - Practice it again and again - Review - Go over it and analyse resultsScientific Approach - Answer-Assumes there are laws of behavior that can be discovered through empirical research - Goals of Scientific Psychology: - 1: Measurement/description of behavior - 2: Understanding/prediction of behavior - 3: Application of this knowledge to task of controlling behavior