Highly detailed summary of the content for all the MOHO lectures.
Includes work from lecture slides, textbook/reading annotations and external research where further explanation was needed.
THE MODEL OF HUMAN OCCUPATION (MOHO)
What is the Model of Human Occupation?
MOHO was first developed by Gary Kielhofner in 1980s
One of the most widely used models in occupational therapy
Many publications to add to the evidence → most researched model
Development, revisions and refinement of the concepts and associated assessments
Occupation-focused framework
Aims to explain aspects of engaging in occupations and how illness and disability
related problems arise
1. How is the MOHO Client-centered?
o Evidence based
o Holistic
o Client-centered
o Consideration of mind and body
o Complements other OT theories
o Emphasis on occupational performance over performance components
2. How is the model Applied?
o Used in many intervention settings
o With a wide range of populations
o Client/person at different levels of functioning (from severe to no disability)
3. What are the unique features of the model?
o Lifespan perspective:
Human occupation change over time as age & circumstances change
It needs to be understood from a lifespan perspective
o Assessment tools
No other model have developed these types of tools & to this extent
These assessments use observations, interview and self-report
What are the factors that impact everyday occupations?
Motor, sensory & cognitive impairments
Motivation
Maintaining positive involvement
Skilled performance
Environment – physical & social
What is the focus of the MOHO?
Using occupation in practice
Motivation for occupation
Patterning of occupational behaviour/ performance into routines and lifestyles
Nature of skilled performance
Influence of the environment on occupational performance
What are the fundamental concepts of the MOHO?
Human occupation is complex
A person is made up of components
The environment influences performance
Occupational performance
Contribution of the personal components and environment to occupation is
heterarchical in nature
, What are the basic assumptions to the COMPLEXITY OF HUMAN OCCUPATION?
Human is a dynamic system
o interaction between human as a system, task and environment results in
occupational behaviour
Behaviour is dynamic and context dependent
o It changes continuously to meet demands & opportunities afforded by the
context.
o Personal inner characteristics interact with environment to create a network of
conditions that influence how one is motivated, what one does, and how one
performs (behaviour)
Occupations are the essence of self-organisation
o By doing things people shape who they are
Occupations (how people select, organize, and undertake them) is a result of:
o Personal volition, habituation, and performance capacity
o Environment provision of opportunities, supports, demands and constraints to
occupations
Therapy is a process therapy as a process in which people are supported to do
occupations in order to shape their abilities, self-concepts, and identities and thus
become more adaptive
What are the COMPONENTS OF THE PERSON?
4. What is volition?
→ Process through which a person is motivated to do and to choose the activities he
does (person’s motivation for occupation)
Continuously changing as new experiences reinforce, challenge, and elaborate on
existing dispositions and self-knowledge
Types of choices that are the function of volition:
o Activity choices → everyday decisions of what to do next / when to terminate
an activity or continue with something else
o Occupational choices → larger choices concerning occupations that become
an extended / permanent part of individual’s lives
Consisting of:
o Personal causation → sense of competence & effectiveness; perceived
present and potential effectiveness to act on the world with regards to mental
and physical capabilities
Internally controlled & informed knowledge about own capabilities
recognizing strengths and weaknesses
feeling confident or nervous when faced with a task
reflecting on the performance after completion of task
Personal causation = Personal capacity + Self-efficacy
Personal capacity: people’s sense of something within themselves
which affects how they operate in the world
Self-efficacy: operates more overtly in their relationships with world
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