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Teachers are, as a class members of a community, Accordingly it is essential that they be able to speak out freely on such question without fear of retaliatory dismissal. correct answers Pickering V Board Education The public interest in having free and unhindered debate on matters of public importance- the core value of the free speech clause of the first amendment correct answers Pickering It is necessary to arrive at a balance between the interest of the teacher, as a citizen, in commenting upon matters of public concern, and the interest of the state, as in employer, in promoting the efficiency of the public services that it performs through its employees. correct answers pickering A public school teacher's substantially correct comments on matters of public concern, although critical of school officials, may not, consistently with the constitutional guaranty of free speech, furnish grounds for dismissal. correct answers pickering. Holding in garcetti: When public employees make statements pursuant to their official duties, they are not speaking as citizens for First Amendment purposes, and the Constitution does not insulated their communications from employer discipline. correct answers The dispositive factor here is not that ceballos expressed his views inside his office, rather than publicly, nor that the memo concerned the subject matter of his employment. Rather the controlling factor is that Ceballo's expressions were made pursuant to his official duties. correct answers Garretti v ceballos Restricting speech that owes its extend to a public employee's professional responsibilities does not infringe any liberties that employee might have enjoyed as a private citizen. It simply reflects the exercise of employer control over what the employer itself has commissioned or created. "Cf. Rosenberger v Rector and visitors of Univ. of Va. " correct answers Garrett V Ceballos When a citizen enters government service, the citizen by necessity must accept certain limitations on his or her freedom. Waters v Churchill (Plurality opinion) correct answers Garrett V Ceballos. "Underlying our cases has been the premise that while the First Amendment invest public employees with certain rights, it does not empower them to "constitutionalize the employee grievance" correct answers Connick V Meyers "Justice Sooter suggests todays decision may have important ramifications for academic freedom, at least as a constitutional value. there is some argument that expression related to academic scholarship or classroom instruction implicates additional constitutional interest that are not fully accounted for by this court. We need not, and for that reason do not, decide whether the analysis we conduct today would apply in the same manner to a case involving speech related scholarship or teaching. correct answers Garrett (use for petitioner)