Six Sigma Yellow Belt Terms Questions And Answers Solved 100% Correct!!

Affinity Diagram - Answer-A technique for organizing individual pieces of information into groups or broader categories. ANOVA - Answer-Analysis of Variance - A statistical test for identifying significant differences between process or system treatments or conditions. It is done by comparing the variances around the means of the conditions being compared. Attribute Data - Answer-Data which on one of a set of discrete values such as pass or fail, yes or no. Average - Answer-Also called the mean, it is the arithmetic average of all of the sample values. It is calculated by adding all of the sample values together and dividing by the number of elements (n) in the sample. Bar Chart - Answer-A graphical method which depicts how data fall into different categories. Black Belt - Answer-An individual who receives approximately four weeks training in DMAIC, analytical problem solving, and change management methods. A Black Belt is a full time six sigma team leader solving problems under the direction of a Champion. Breakthrough Improvement - Answer-A rate of improvement at or near 70% over baseline performance of the as-is process characteristic. Capability - Answer-A comparison of the required operation width of a process or system to its actual performance width. Expressed as a percentage (yield), a defect rate (dpm, dpmo,), an index (Cp, Cpk, Pp, Ppk), or as a sigma score (Z). Cause and Effect Diagram - Answer-aka Fishbone Diagram - A pictorial diagram in the shape of a fishbone showing all possible variables that could affect a given process output measure. Central Tendency - Answer-A measure of the point about which a group of values is clustered; two measures of central tendency are the mean, and the median.Champion - Answer-A Champion recognizes, defines, assigns and supports the successful completion of six sigma projects; they are accountable for the results of the project and the business roadmap to achieve six sigma within their span of control. Characteristic - Answer-A process input or output which can be measured and monitored. Common Causes of Variation - Answer-Those sources of variability in a process which are truly random, i.e., inherent in the process itself. Complexity - Answer-The level of difficulty to build, solve or understand something based on the number of inputs, interactions and uncertainty involved. Control Chart - Answer-The most powerful tool of statistical process control. It consists of a run chart, together with statistically determined upper and lower control limits and a centerline. Control Limits - Answer-Upper and lower bounds in a control chart that are determined by the process itself. They can be used to detect special or common causes of variation. They are usually set at ±3 standard deviations from the central tendency. Correlation Coefficient - Answer-A measure of the linear relationship between two variables. Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) - Answer-The costs associated with any activity that is not doing the right thing right the first time. It is the financial qualification any waste that is not integral to the product or service which your company provides. CP - Answer-A capability measure defined as the ratio of the specification width to short-term process performance width. CPk - Answer-An adjusted short-term capability index that reduces the capability score in proportion to the offset of the process center from the specification target.Critical to Quality (CTQ) - Answer-Any characteristic that is critical to the perceived quality of the product, process or system. See Significant Y. Critical X - Answer-An input to a process or system that exerts a significant influence on any one or all of the key outputs of a process. Customer - Answer-Anyone who uses or consumes a product or service, whether internal or external to the providing organization or provider. Cycle Time - Answer-The total amount of elapsed time expended from the time a task, product or service is started until it is completed. Defect initiative within a company. - Answer-An output of a process that does not meet a defined specification, requirement or desire such as time, length, color, finish, quantity, temperature etc. Defective - Answer-A unit of product or service that contains at least one defect. Deployment (Six Sigma) - Answer-The planning, launch, training and implementation management of a six sigma initiative within a company. Design of Experiments (DOE) - Answer-Generally, it is the discipline of using an efficient, structured, and proven approach to interrogating a process or system for the purpose of maximizing the gain in process or system knowledge. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) - Answer-The use of six sigma thinking, tools and methods applied to the design of products and services to improve the initial release performance, ongoing reliability, and lifecycle cost. DMAIC - Answer-The acronym for core phases of the six sigma methodology used to solve process and business problems through data and analytical methods. See define, measure, analyze, improve and control.DPMO - Answer-Defects per million opportunities - The total number of defects observed divided by the total number of opportunities, expressed in parts per million. Sometimes called Defects per Million (DPM). DPU - Answer-The total number of defects detected in some number of units divided by the total number of those units. Entitlement - Answer-The best demonstrated performance for an existing configuration of a process or system. It is an empirical demonstration of what level of improvement can potentially be reached. Epsilon - Answer-ε - Greek symbol used to represent residual error. Experimental Design - Answer-See Design of Experiments. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) - Answer-A procedure used to identify, assess, and mitigate risks associated with potential product, system, or process failure modes. Finance Representative - Answer-An individual who provides an independent evaluation of a six sigma project in terms of hard and/or soft savings. They are a project support resource to both Champions and Project Leaders. Fishbone Diagram - Answer-See cause and effect diagram. Flowchart - Answer-A graphic model of the flow of activities, material, and/or information that occurs during a process. Gage R&R - Answer-Quantitative assessment of how much variation (repeatability and reproducibility) is in a measurement system compared to the total variation of the process or system. Green Belt - Answer-An individual who receives approximately two weeks of training in DMAIC, analytical problem solving, and change management methods. A Green Belt is a part time six sigmaposition that applies six sigma to their local area, doing smaller-scoped projects and providing support to Black Belt projects. Hidden Factory or Operation - Answer-Corrective and non-value-added work required to produce a unit of output that is generally not recognized as an unnecessary generator of waste in form of resources, materials and cost. Histogram - Answer-A bar chart that depicts the frequencies (by the height of the plotted bars) of numerical or measurement categories. Implementation Team - Answer-A cross-functional executive team representing various areas of the company . Its charter is to drive the implementation of six sigma by defining and documenting practices, methods and operating policies. Input - Answer-A resource consumed, utilized, or added to a process or system. Synonymous with X, characteristic, and input variable. Input-Process-Output (IPO) Diagram - Answer-A visual representation of a process or system where inputs are represented by input arrows to a box (representing the process or system) and outputs are shown using arrows emanating out of the box. lshikawa Diagram - Answer-See cause and effect diagram and fishbone diagram. Least Squares - Answer-A method of curve-fitting that defines the best fit as the one that minimizes the sum of the squared deviations of the data points from the fitted curve. Long-term Variation - Answer-The observed variation of an input or output characteristic which has had the opportunity to experience the majority of the variation effects that influence it. Lower Control Limit (LCL) - Answer-For control charts: the limit above which the subgroup statistics must remain for the process to be in control. Typically, 3 standard deviations below the central tendency.Lower Specification Limit (LSL) - Answer-The lowest value of a characteristic which is acceptable. Master Black Belt - Answer-An individual who has received training beyond a Black Belt. The technical, go-to expert regarding technical and project issues in six sigma. Master Black Belts teach and mentor other six sigma Belts, their projects and support Champions. Mean - Answer-See average. Measurement - Answer-The act of obtaining knowledge about an event or characteristic through measured quantification or assignment to categories. Measurement Accuracy - Answer-For a repeated measurement, it is a comparison of the average of the measurements compare to some known standard. Measurement Precision - Answer-For a repeated measurement, it is the amount of variation that exists in the measured values. Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) - Answer-An assessment of the accuracy and precision of a method of obtaining measurements. See also Gage R&R. Median - Answer-Median - The middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in either ascending or descending order. Metric - Answer-A measure that is considered objectives and carefully monitored. Natural Tolerances of a Process - Answer-See Control Limits. Nominal Group Technique - Answer-A structured method that a team can use to generate and rank a list of ideas or items.Non-Value Added (NVA) - Answer-Any activity performed in producing a product or delivering a service that does not add value, where value is defined as changing the form, fit or function of the product or service and is something for which the customer is willing to pay. Normal Distribution - Answer-The distribution characterized by the smooth, bell- shaped curve. Synonymous with Gaussian Distribution. Objective Statement - Answer-A succinct statement of the goals, timing and expectations of a six sigma improvement project. Opportunities - Answer-The number of characteristics, parameters or features of a product or service that can be classified as acceptable or unacceptable. Out of Contro - Answer-A process is said to be out of control if it exhibits variations larger than its control limits or shows a pattern of variation. Output - Answer-A resource or item or characteristic that is the product of a process or system. See also Y, CTQ. Pareto Chart - Answer-A bar chart for attribute (or categorical) data categories are presented in descending order of frequency. Pareto Principle - Answer-The general principle originally proposed by Vilfredo Pareto () that the majority of influence on an outcome is exerted by a minority of input factors. Poka-Yoke - Answer-A translation of a Japanese term meaning to mistake-proof. Probability - Answer-The likelihood of an event or circumstance occurring. Problem Statement - Answer-A succinct statement of a business situation which is used to bound and describe the problem the six sigma project is attempting to solve.Process - Answer-A set of activities and material and/or information flow which transforms a set of inputs into outputs for the purpose of producing a product, providing a service or performing a task. Process Characterization - Answer-The act of thoroughly understanding a process, including the specific relationship(s) between its outputs and the inputs, and its performance and capability.