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GEOGRAPHY A-LEVEL CASE STUDIES: topics- changing places, water and carbon, population and the environment, hazards
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OLYMPIC PARK SITE- STRATFORD, LONDONBackground:
Deindustrialised in the 20th century- closing London docks in the 60s
Westfield introduced in 2011- Australian franchise
560 acres of derelict brownfield land
Newham is the most deprived London borough
Exogenous factors:
Only 20% of population is British white, high levels of migration
Average income of 10k
Flows of money from Australia
Olympic games- £10bn invested into the area
Shift in industry of jobs
International investment
Young economically active people
Endogenous factors:
River Lea- reimaging of the area, habitats increased and became more
sustainable
Flat land- easy to regenerate
A13- road networking
Place identity:
Cost £1bn to build Olympic Park (3-year project)
The orbit was created using the materials and resources from the old
Stratford buildings
More skyscrapers in Stratford- called the ‘Manhattan’ of London
Has the west ham stadium
Reimaging that occurred on the river lea- introduced crayons/pencils
Names on the rings of trees- sustainable legacy and community feel
Media representation:
Newspapers such as the Guardian believe there is a lack of identity
Stratford is not ‘Park Lane’- houses are not affordable, they rose by 137%
Olympic district known as the hippest place- E20 postcode contains quirky
cafes and the new cultural quarter
Post Olympic boom has seen shops and cafes emerge due to investment
Negative press- locals have been priced out
Industrial land had been replaced with landscape greenery- NY times
Qualitative sources:
Poem Eton manor (Duffy) has a positive perception of place on the Olympic
Park regeneration because there is a sense of community and sporting
values, also mentioning how the place has improved from a deprived area,
however the past suggests it was only targeted at the elite
, OS maps show the land use change- the marshland was built on in the 80s
then introduced back again in the 2010s like referenced in the poem:
‘enclosed by railway, marshland, factories, canal-where’
OS maps also show that in the 90s the area is a less densely populated area
and then becomes denser in the 2010s
However, os maps do not show perception of place or current construction
Quantitative sources:
Based on the data from clone town surveys, both old Stratford (19/60) and
westfield (14/60) are clone towns, however westfield has much more chain
stores whilst old stratford has more independent stores with market stalls
Most areas surrounding westfield and newer stratford had a higher EQ score,
for example pleasure garden scored 60/80 and doran walk scored 25/80
Census data showed a net change of 4616 with the younger population
migrating to town
Forces of change:
Olympic sites- introduce more sports amenities to the area as well as luxury
housing
People displaced from Clays Lane estate with little compensation
Newham council declared climate emergency and set carbon neutral targets
by 2030
Eurostar railway goes to Olympic village
ODA- housed 17,000 athletes in Olympic Park but also build the Eurostar
allowing easy transport to the major European countries
LLDC- sustainable legacy of the games, housing, environment
Streets For Growth- making lives better for those displaced
NewDay centre supports the homeless
UCL de-employment hub of park attempt to upskill the younger generation
Rebrand/regeneration:
Rebranded as a place of sports legacy
Purpose has been fulfilled to help retain the identity of Olympic importance
Social impacts: paralympics also encouraged people with disabilities
Repurposed from derelict brownfield area, previously a freight of 250 factories
demolished
Gentrification caused tension between govt and locals because of rising
house prices
Rough sleeping, infant mortality, poverty rates are all still high in the area so
the ‘social cleansing’ has not really worked
Eval- aims:
To invest in one of London’s most deprived boroughs
To regenerate Stratford and maintain sporting legacy
Queen Elizabeth park- clone town feature
Westfield is an example of globalisation
New housing created for athletes- increasing housing supply
Eval- demographic, cultural, socio-econ change:
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